Caltech - organic-reaction.com

HIGH-RESOLUTION MASS SPECTROMETER AND METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE ISOTOPIC ANATOMY OF ORGANIC AND VOLATILE MOLECULES (Fri, 26 Apr 2013)
A mass spectrometer including an entrance slit, an energy filter, a momentum filter and a detector array, the entrance slit, energy filter and momentum filter being configured to provide molecular analyte ions to the detector array at a mass resolution of about 20,000 or greater. A method for determining the isotopic composition of an analyte in a sample includes converting the analyte to molecular analyte ions, separating the molecular analyte ions using an entrance slit, separating the molecular analyte ions according to their energy levels, separating the molecular analyte ions according to their momenta, detecting two or more of the molecular analyte ions at a mass resolution of about 20,000 or greater to produce molecular analyte ion data; and analyzing the molecular analyte data to determine the isotopic composition of at least a portion of the analyte.
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MULTI-METALLIC ORGANOMETALLIC COMPLEXES, AND RELATED POLYMERS, COMPOSITIONS, METHODS AND SYSTEMS (Fri, 22 Mar 2013)
Multi-metallic organometallic complexes that allow performance of olefin based reaction and in particular polymerization of olefins to produce polyolefin polymers, and related methods and systems are described.
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SMALL MOLECULE COMPOUNDS FOR THE CONTROL OF NEMATODES (Fri, 15 Feb 2013)
The present invention relates to compounds involved in nematode signaling.
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THE UTILITY OF NEMATODE SMALL MOLECULES (Fri, 15 Feb 2013)
The present invention relates to methods of treating immune disorders and/or inflammation using certain modulator compounds. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating an immune and inflammatory disorders disorder by administering a composition comprising a therapeutically effective dosage of an ascaroside compound, or a mixture of ascaroside compounds, or a mixture containing at least one ascaroside..
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SMALL MOLECULE COMPOUNDS THAT CONTROL PLANT- AND INSECT-PATHOGENIC NEMATODES (Fri, 15 Feb 2013)
The present invention relates to methods of modifying nematode behavior using certain isolated modulator compounds. Also disclosed are methods of promoting or inhibiting reproduction in a nematode population, methods of promoting or inhibiting nematode aggregation at a first location, and methods of treating or preventing parasite infection of a plant.
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SMALL MOLECULE COMPOUNDS THAT CONTROL MAMMAL-PATHOGENIC NEMATODES (Fri, 15 Feb 2013)
The present invention relates to methods of modifying nematode behavior using certain isolated modulator compounds. Also disclosed are methods of promoting or inhibiting reproduction in a nematode population, methods of promoting or inhibiting nematode aggregation at a mammal, and methods of treating or preventing parasite infection of a mammal.
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FILTRATION MEMBRANES, AND RELATED NANO AND/OR MICRO FIBERS, COMPOSITES, METHODS AND SYSTEMS (Fri, 15 Feb 2013)
Filtration membrane comprising polymeric nanofibers and/or microfibers attaching dendrimer component presenting reactive sites selective for chemicals to be filtered, and related nanofibers and microfibers, composite materials, compositions, methods and system.
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AKT-SPECIFIC CAPTURE AGENTS, COMPOSITIONS, AND METHODS OF USING AND MAKING (Fri, 18 Jan 2013)
The present application provides stable peptide-based Akt capture agents and the use thereof as detection, diagnosis, and treatment agents. The application further provides novel methods of developing stable peptide-based capture agents, including Akt capture agents, using iterative on-bead in situ click chemistry.
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QUATERNARY HETEROATOM CONTAINING COMPOUNDS (Fri, 28 Dec 2012)
A compound useful as a building block for the manufacture of various compounds is represented by Formula A or D. In Formula A and D, z is 0 or 1; Q is a heteroatom; Rl through R1 1 and Ra through Rf are each independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroatom containing hydrocarbyl group, or a functional group; d, e and f are each independently 0 or greater; each of A, B and D is independently a carbon atom or a heteroatom; and two or more of R1 though R1 1, Ra through Rf and Y optionally combine to form a ring. In some embodiments, R8 and R9 combine to form a carbonyl group. In some embodiments, R2 and Y combine to form a ring with the Q atom. In some embodiments, the ring includes at least one double bond.
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Ascarosides as nematode sex pheromones (Wed, 28 Nov 2012)
A pheromonal compound produced by Caenorhabditis elegans has been identified as 5R-(3′-O-[β-D-glucosyl]-tetrahydro-3′R,5′R-dihydroxy-6′S-methyl-2H-pyran-2′R-yloxy)-2-hexanone. The novel compound, in combination with other ascarosides, elicit a synergistic signaling response from various adult male Caenorhabditis spp.
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AIR AND WATER TOLERANT CATALYST (Fri, 09 Nov 2012)
A catalyst and/or precatalyst for olefin oligomerization comprising one or more coordination complexes having one or more central palladium metal atoms. Each palladium atom is bonded to four ligand donor atoms. Two of the donor atoms are group 16 elements and two of the donor atoms are group 15 elements. Also provided are neutral or cationic coordination complex dimers, so that the two palladium atoms are both bonded to one or two donor atoms from group 16, and each palladium atom is bonded to two donor atoms from group 15. In some instances, each of the two group 16 donor atoms are oxygen and each of the four group 15 donor atoms are nitrogen.
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MICROARRAY FOR DETECTING VIABLE ORGANISMS (Fri, 17 Aug 2012)
A methodology of microarray using the fluorescent DNA intercalating agent propidium monoazide (PMA) to selectively block DNA of dead cells from amplification and its application in detecting and enumerating viable microbes in complex microbial communities is described. A phylogenetic array is used in the preferred embodiment to enhance the sensitivity of the method. The PMA-Microarray assay is particularly applicable for monitoring samples from environments with extremely low microbial burden such as spacecraft surfaces.
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SYNTHETIC TRANSTAGANOLIDE AND BASILIOLIDE PRODUCTS, DERIVATIVES THEREOF, AND SYNTHESIS METHODS THEREOF (Fri, 27 Jul 2012)
Compounds represented by Formula I are provided that include synthetic transtaganolide and basiliolide products. Derivatives of these compounds and methods of synthesis are also provided.
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Cytochrome P450 oxygenases (Fri, 20 Jul 2012)
Nucleic acids encoding cytochrome P450 variants are provided. The cytochrome P450 variants of have a higher alkane-oxidation capability, alkene-oxidation capability, and/or a higher organic-solvent resistance than the corresponding wild-type or parent cytochrome P450 enzyme. A preferred wild-type cytochrome P450 is cytochrome P450 BM-3. Preferred cytochrome P450 variants include those having an improved capability to hydroxylate alkanes and epoxidate alkenes comprising less than 8 carbons, and have amino acid substitutions corresponding to V78A, H236Q, and E252G of cytochrome P450 BM-3. Preferred cytochrome P450 variants also include those having an improved hydroxylation activity in solutions comprising co-solvents such as DMSO and THF, and have amino acid substitutions corresponding to T235A, R471A, E494K, and S1024E of cytochrome P450 BM-3.
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Z-SELECTIVE OLEFIN METATHESIS CATALYSTS AND THEIR SYNTHETIC PROCEDURE (Fri, 20 Jul 2012)
The invention relates to C-H activated olefin metathesis catalyst compounds, the preparation of such compounds, and the use of such catalysts in the metathesis of olefins and olefin compounds, more particularly, the use of such catalysts in Z selective olefin metathesis reactions. In general, the catalyst compounds of the invention comprise a Group 8 metal (M), an alkylidene moiety (=CR1R2), or more generally (=(C)mC R1R2), an anionic ligand (X1), two or three neutral ligands (L1, L2, and L3) and a 2-electron anionic donor bridging moiety (Q*) that forms a chelate ring structure in conjunction with L1 and M. Such catalysts generally correspond to the formula X1(L3)kL2L1Q*M=(C)mCR1R2, wherein X1 is any anionic ligand, L1, L2, and L3 are, independently, any neural electron donor ligand, k is 0 or 1, m is 0, 1, or 2, Q* is a 2-electron anionic donor bridging moiety linking L1 and M, M is a Group 8 transition metal, and R1 and R2 are, independently, hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl, substituted heteroatom- containing hydrocarbyl, or functional groups. The invention has utility in the fields of catalysis, organic synthesis, polymer chemistry, and industrial and fine chemicals chemistry.
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CATALYTIC ANTI-MARKOVNIKOV OXIDATION AND HYDRATION OF OLEFINS (Fri, 06 Jul 2012)
The disclosure provides a dual-catalysis system for direct conversion of olefins to alcohols. The cooperative catalytic system contains one oxidizing catalyst and one transfer-hydrogenation catalyst. A wide variety of olefins, including aromatic and aliphatic olefins, can be used as the reactant. The transformation proceeds with anti-Markovnikov selectivity, and in some aspects provides primary alcohols as major products. The disclosure further provides a system for oxidation of olefins with anti-Markovnikov selectivity.
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Organometallic ruthenium complexes and related methods for the preparation of tetra-substituted and other hindered olefins (Fri, 18 May 2012)
The invention relates to ruthenium alkylidene complexes having an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand comprising a 5-membered heterocyclic ring having a carbenic carbon atom and at least one nitrogen atom contained within the 5-membered heterocyclic ring, wherein the nitrogen atom is directly attached to the carbenic carbon atom and is substituted by a phenyl ring, and wherein the phenyl ring has a hydrogen at either or both ortho positions and is substituted at at least one ortho or meta position. The invention also relates to an olefin metathesis reactions and particularly to the preparation of tetra-substituted cyclic olefins via a ring-closing metathesis.
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ISOMERIZATION OF SUGARS (Fri, 20 Apr 2012)
Disclosed are processes for isomerizing saccharides. Also disclosed are processes for converting saccharides to furan derivatives. Also disclosed are processes for converting starch to furan derivatives.
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POLYMER-DOPED VERTICALLY-ALIGNED NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS (Fri, 03 Feb 2012)
A system having a vertically-aligned negative delta E nematic liquid crystal host material and a small amount of liquid crystal polymer is provided. The liquid crystal polymer improves the switching speed of a vertically aligned nematic system without sacrificing contrast or viewing angle.
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CLICKABLE CROSS-LINKER (Fri, 13 Jan 2012)
A clickable cross-linker compound provides an easily scanned reporter ion for effective and efficient cross-linking and identification of intermolecular and intramolecular interactions of proteins and peptides.
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STABLE, FUNCTIONAL CHIMERIC CELLOBIOHYDROLASE CLASS I ENZYMES (Fri, 30 Dec 2011)
The present disclosure relates to CBH I chimera fusion polypeptides, nucleic acids encoding the polypeptides, and host cells for producing the polypeptides.
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STABLE, FUNCTIONAL CHIMERIC CELLOBIOHYDROLASE CLASS I ENZYMES (Fri, 09 Dec 2011)
The present disclosure relates to CBH I chimera fusion polypeptides, nucleic acids encoding the polypeptides, and host cells for producing the polypeptides.
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YEAST MICROORGANISMS WITH REDUCED BY-PRODUCT ACCUMULATION FOR IMPROVED PRODUCTION OF FUELS, CHEMICALS, AND AMINO ACIDS (Fri, 18 Nov 2011)
Recombinant microorganisms comprising biosynthetic pathways and methods of using said recombinant microorganisms to produce various beneficial metabolites are provided. The recombinant microorganisms provided may further comprise one or more modifications resulting in the reduction or elimination of 3 keto-acid (e.g.. acelolactate and 2-aceto-2-hydroxybutyrate) and/or aldehyde-derived byproducts. Further, the recombinant microorganisms may be microorganisms of the Saccharomyces clade, Crabtree-negative yeast microorganisms, Crabtree-positive yeast microorganisms, post-WGD (whole genome duplication) yeast microorganisms, pre-WGD (whole genome duplication) yeast microorganisms, and non-fermenting yeast microorganisms.
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METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR INHIBITION OF THE TRANSITIONAL ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM ATPASE (Fri, 11 Nov 2011)
Compounds of Formulas I-XLIII are identified as direct inhibitors of p97 ATPase or of the degradation of a p97-dependent ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) substrate. Methods and compositions are disclosed for inhibiting p97 ATPase and the degradation of a p97-dependent UPS substrate, and for identifying inhibitors thereof.
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Active NEMS arrays for biochemical analyses (Fri, 04 Nov 2011)
A biofunctionalized nanoelectromechanical device (BioNEMS) for sensing single-molecules in solution by measuring the variation in the mechanical displacement of the BioNEMS device during a binding event is provided. The biofunctionalized nanoelectromechanical device according to the invention generally comprises a nanomechanical mechanical resonator, a detector integral with the mechanical resonator for measuring the mechanical displacement of the resonator, and electronics connected to the detector for communicating the results to a user. A system of biofunctionalized nanoelectromechanical devices and a method for utilizing the biofunctionalized nanoelectromechanical device of the present invention are also provided.
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COMPLEXING AGENTS FOR COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING INCLUSION COMPLEXES (Fri, 21 Oct 2011)
The invention provides a composition containing particulate composite of a polymer and a therapeutic agent. The composition also contains a complexing agent. The polymer interacts with the complexing agent in a host-guest or a guest-host interaction to form an inclusion complex. A therapeutic composition of the invention may be used to deliver the therapeutic agent and to treat various disorders. Both the polymer of the particulate composite and the complexing agent may be used to introduce functionality into the therapeutic composition. The invention also relates to a method of preparing a composition. The method combines a therapeutic agent, a polymer having host or guest functionality, and a complexing agent having guest or host functionality to form the therapeutic composition. The complexing agent forms an inclusion complex with the polymer. The invention also relates to a method of delivering a therapeutic agent. According to the method, a therapeutically effective amount of a therapeutic composition of the invention is administered to a mammal (e.g. person or animal) in recognized need of the therapeutic. Also disclosed are compounds having the formula: <chemistry id="CHEM-US-00001" num="00001"> <img id="EMI-C00001" he="44.62mm" wi="70.27mm" file="US20110256104A1-20111020-C00001.TIF" alt="embedded image" img-content="chem" img-format="tif"/> </chemistry> 
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Method and compositions for the detection of protein glycosylation (Fri, 09 Sep 2011)
The invention provides methods and compositions for the rapid and sensitive detection of post-translationally modified proteins, and particularly of those with post-translational glycosylations. The methods can be used to detect O-GlcNAc posttranslational modifications on proteins on which such modifications were undetectable using other techniques. In one embodiment, the method exploits the ability of an engineered mutant of β-1,4-galactosyltransferase to selectively transfer an unnatural ketone functionality onto O-GlcNAc glycosylated proteins. Once transferred, the ketone moiety serves as a versatile handle for the attachment of biotin, thereby enabling detection of the modified protein. The approach permits the rapid visualization of proteins that are at the limits of detection using traditional methods. Further, the preferred embodiments can be used for detection of certain disease states, such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes.
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INTEGRATED PASSIVE IRON SHIMS IN SILICON (Fri, 02 Sep 2011)
A magnetic apparatus having at least one magnetic shim situated between faces of two permanent magnets. The magnetic shim helps to make the magnetic field that is accessible between the two permanent magnets a more uniform field. The magnetic shim is constructed on a thinned semiconductor wafer, such as silicon, by photolithographically defining locations on the wafer where magnetic material, such as iron or iron-nickel materials, are deposited. The shim can additional have photolihographically defined coil regions, in which conductive material such as copper can be deposited. Current contacts are provided to allow currents to be passed through the coil regions. Protective layers can be deposited to protect the deposited metals from mechanical or environmental damage.
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Isobaric tags for analyte detection and quantification (Fri, 26 Aug 2011)
Isobaric reagents for labeling analytes are provided. The isobaric reagents have facile design and synthesis that allows for differential labeling of an unlimited number of analyte samples.
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ISOMERIZATION OF SUGARS (Fri, 26 Aug 2011)
Disclosed are processes for isomerizing saccharides. Also disclosed are processes for converting saccharides to furan derivatives. Also disclosed are processes for converting starch to furan derivatives.
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Compositions containing inclusion complexes (Fri, 29 Jul 2011)
The invention provides a composition containing particulate composite of a polymer and a therapeutic agent. The composition also contains a complexing agent. The polymer interacts with the complexing agent in a host-guest or a guest-host interaction to form an inclusion complex. A therapeutic composition of the invention may be used to deliver the therapeutic agent and to treat various disorders. Both the polymer of the particulate composite and the complexing agent may be used to introduce functionality into the therapeutic composition. The invention also relates to a method of preparing a composition. The method combines a therapeutic agent, a polymer having host or guest functionality, and a complexing agent having guest or host functionality to form the therapeutic composition. The complexing agent forms an inclusion complex with the polymer. The invention also relates to a method of delivering a therapeutic agent. According to the method, a therapeutically effective amount of a therapeutic composition of the invention is administered to a mammal (e.g. person or animal) in recognized need of the therapeutic. Also disclosed are compounds having the formula: <chemistry id="CHEM-US-00001" num="00001"> <img id="EMI-C00001" he="27.69mm" wi="60.03mm" file="US08092833-20120110-C00001.TIF" alt="embedded image" img-content="chem" img-format="tif"/> </chemistry> 
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ISOBARIC TAGS FOR ANALYTE DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION (Fri, 22 Jul 2011)
Isobaric reagents for labeling analytes are provided. The isobaric reagents have facile design and synthesis that allows for differential labeling of an unlimited number of analyte samples.
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HYDROGEN STORAGE AND/OR GENERATION (Fri, 08 Jul 2011)
Hydrogen storage and/or generation arrangements and compositions comprising an electron donor and an electron acceptor in a suitable solvent and related methods and systems to store and/or generate hydrogen.
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APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR CONDUCTING ASSAYS AND HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING (Fri, 24 Jun 2011)
The present invention provides microfluidic devices and methods for using the same. In particular, microfluidic devices of the present invention are useful in conducting a variety of assays and high throughput screening. Microfluidic devices of the present invention include elastomeric components and comprise a main flow channel; a plurality of branch flow channels; a plurality of control channels; and a plurality of valves. Preferably, each of the valves comprises one of the control channels and an elastomeric segment that is deflectable into or retractable from the main or branch flow channel upon which the valve operates in response to an actuation force applied to the control channel.
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Apparatus and methods for conducting assays and high throughput screening (Fri, 24 Jun 2011)
The present invention provides microfluidic devices and methods for using the same. In particular, microfluidic devices of the present invention are useful in conducting a variety of assays and high throughput screening. Microfluidic devices of the present invention include elastomeric components and comprise a main flow channel; a plurality of branch flow channels; a plurality of control channels; and a plurality of valves. Preferably, each of the valves comprises one of the control channels and an elastomeric segment that is deflectable into or retractable from the main or branch flow channel upon which the valve operates in response to an actuation force applied to the control channel.
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LINEAR CYCLODEXTRIN COPOLYMERS (Fri, 17 Jun 2011)
Linear cyclodextrin copolymers and linear oxidized cyclodextrin copolymers containing an unoxidized and/or an oxidized cyclodextrin moiety integrated into the polymer backbone are described. Methods of preparing such copolymers are also described. The linear cyclodextrin copolymer and linear oxidized cyclodextrin copolymer of the invention may be used as a delivery vehicle of various therapeutic agents.
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METHOD OF PREPARING A SUPRAMOLECULAR COMPLEX CONTAINING A THERAPEUTIC AGENT AND A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL POLYMER NETWORK (Fri, 17 Jun 2011)
A method of preparing a supramolecular complex containing at least one therapeutic agent and a multi-dimensional polymer network is described. A supramolecular complex prepared by a method of the invention is described. A method of treatment by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a supramolecular complex of the invention is also described. Such a supramolecular complex may be used as a delivery vehicle for various therapeutic agents.
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RUTHENIUM OLEFIN METATHESIS CATALYSTS BEARING N-HETEROCYCLIC CARBENE LIGANDS WITH SUBSTITUTED BACKBONE (Fri, 27 May 2011)
This invention relates generally to olefin metathesis, more particularly, to tri- or tetra-substituted imidazolinium salts which are precursors to N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands with tri- or tetra-substituted imidazolinium rings, organometallic ruthenium complexes comprising gem di-substituted imidazolinium NHC ligands, organometallic ruthenium complexes comprising tri- or tetra-substituted imidazolinium NHC ligands, and to olefin metathesis methods using them. The catalysts and methods of the invention have utility in the fields of catalysis, organic synthesis, and industrial chemistry.
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PREPARATION OF SATURATED IMIDAZOLINIUM SALTS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS (Fri, 15 Apr 2011)
Methods for the preparation of saturated imidazolinium salts and related compounds that comprises reaction of formamidines with compounds such as dihaloethane and an optional base are disclosed. Alternatively, the imidazolinium salts and related compounds can be prepared in a one-step process without purification of the formamidine reactant. These methods make it possible to obtain numerous imidazolinium salts and related compounds under solvent-free reaction conditions and in excellent yields.
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Interlocked molecules and related components, compositions, methods and systems (Fri, 18 Mar 2011)
[c2] daisy chain macromers, dimers and polymers and related compositions, materials, methods and systems are described.
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METHODS OF INCORPORATING AMINO ACID ANALOGS INTO PROTEINS (Fri, 14 Jan 2011)
The invention provides a method of incorporating nonstandard amino acids into a protein by utilizing a modified aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase to charge the nonstandard amino acid to a modified tRNA, which forms strict Watson-Crick base-pairing with a codon that normally forms wobble base-pairing with natural tRNAs.
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Modular aptamer-regulated ribozymes (Fri, 07 Jan 2011)
An extensible RNA-based framework for engineering ligand-controlled gene regulatory systems, called ribozyme switches, that exhibit tunable regulation, design modularity, and target specificity is provided. These switch platforms typically contain a sensor domain, comprised of an aptamer sequence, and an actuator domain, comprised of a hammerhead ribozyme sequence. A variety of modes of standardized information transmission between these domains can be employed, and this application demonstrates a mechanism that allows for the reliable and modular assembly of functioning synthetic hammerhead ribozyme switches and regulation of ribozyme activity in response to various effectors. In some embodiments aptamer-regulated cis-acting hammerhead ribozymes are provided.
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ELECTROMAGNETIC CELLULAR TOMOGRAPHY (Fri, 07 Jan 2011)
The invention provides an electromagnetic cellular tomograph and methods of operating such a device. An array of structures is configured to apply probe signals to cells or tissues of interest that are held in a sample holder. The array also includes structures that can receive a response signal from the sample of interest. Data processing and control circuits are provided to manipulate and analyze the response and to allow the result to be recorded, transmitted to other data systems, or displayed to a user.
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System and methods for predicting transmembrane domains in membrane proteins and mining the genome for recognizing G-protein coupled receptors (Fri, 26 Nov 2010)
The invention provides computer-implemented methods and apparatus implementing a hierarchical protocol using multiscale molecular dynamics and molecular modeling methods to predict the presence of transmembrane regions in proteins, such as G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCR), and protein structural models generated according to the protocol. The protocol features a coarse grain sampling method, such as hydrophobicity analysis, to provide a fast and accurate procedure for predicting transmembrane regions. Methods and apparatus of the invention are useful to screen protein or polynucleotide databases for encoded proteins with transmembrane regions, such as GPCRs.
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ASSOCIATIVE POLYMERS FOR MIST-CONTROL (Fri, 19 Nov 2010)
Polymeric mist control materials, methods of forming polymeric mist control materials, and methods of using such materials for mist control are provided. The polymeric mist control additives are formed of molecules comprised predominantly of monomers that confer high solubility in fuel and include associative groups that attract each other in donor-acceptor manner, and are incorporated such that multiple associative groups are in close proximity (“clusters”), such that the clusters are separated by very long non-associative sequences.
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ASSOCIATIVE POLYMERS FOR MIST-CONTROL (Fri, 22 Oct 2010)
Polymeric mist control materials, methods of forming polymeric mist control materials, and methods of using such materials for mist control are provided. The polymeric mist control additives are formed of molecules comprised predominantly of monomers that confer high solubility in fuel and include associative groups that attract each other in donor-acceptor manner, and are incorporated such that multiple associative groups are in close proximity ("clusters"), such that the clusters are separated by very long non-associative sequences.
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MOLECULAR SIEVES AND RELATED METHODS AND STRUCTURE DIRECTING AGENTS (Fri, 15 Oct 2010)
Methods for preparing molecular sieves and molecular sieves obtained thereby are described. The method including preparing a reaction mixture, comprising a structure directing agent, at least one source of at least one oxide of a tetravalent element, optionally, one or more sources of one or more oxides selected from the group consisting of oxides of trivalent elements, pentavalent elements, and mixtures thereof, optionally, at least one source of an element selected from Groups 1 and 2 of the Periodic Table; and optionally, hydroxide ions or fluoride ions, and maintaining the reaction mixture under conditions sufficient to form crystals of the molecular sieve. In the method, various imidazolium cations are used as the structure directing element.
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Cytochrome P450 oxygenases (Fri, 01 Oct 2010)
Nucleic acids encoding cytochrome P450 variants are provided. The cytochrome P450 variants of have a higher alkane-oxidation capability, alkene-oxidation capability, and/or a higher organic-solvent resistance than the corresponding wild-type or parent cytochrome P450 enzyme. A preferred wild-type cytochrome P450 is cytochrome P450 BM-3. Preferred cytochrome P450 variants include those having an improved capability to hydroxylate alkanes and epoxidate alkenes comprising less than 8 carbons, and have amino acid substitutions corresponding to V78A, H236Q, and E252G of cytochrome P450 BM-3. Preferred cytochrome P450 variants also include those having an improved hydroxylation activity in solutions comprising co-solvents such as DMSO and THF, and have amino acid substitutions corresponding to T235A, R471A, E494K, and S1024E of cytochrome P450 BM-3.
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Engineered proteins, and methods of making and using (Fri, 17 Sep 2010)
The present invention provides engineered proteins and biomedical products made from the engineered proteins. The biomedical products include lenses useful for ophthalmic purposes.
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A BATTERY STATE OF HEALTH ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (Fri, 17 Sep 2010)
Described herein are systems and methods for accurately characterizing thermodynamic and materials properties of electrodes and electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems. Enhanced sensitivity provided by the present methods and systems combined with measurement conditions that reflect thermodynamically stabilized electrode conditions allow very accurate measurement of thermodynamic parameters, including state functions such as the Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy of electrode/electrochemical cell reactions, that enable prediction of important performance attributes of electrode materials and electrochemical systems, such as the energy, power density, current rate, the cycle life and the state of health of an electrochemical cell. Also provided are systems and methods for charging electrochemical cells; for example, systems and methods for charging an electrochemical according to its state of health.
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Microfabricated Elastomeric Valve And Pump Systems (Fri, 13 Aug 2010)
A method of fabricating an elastomeric structure, comprising: forming a first elastomeric layer on top of a first micromachined mold, the first micromachined mold having a first raised protrusion which forms a first recess extending along a bottom surface of the first elastomeric layer; forming a second elastomeric layer on top of a second micromachined mold, the second micromachined mold having a second raised protrusion which forms a second recess extending along a bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer; bonding the bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer onto a top surface of the first elastomeric layer such that a control channel forms in the second recess between the first and second elastomeric layers; and positioning the first elastomeric layer on top of a planar substrate such that a flow channel forms in the first recess between the first elastomeric layer and the planar substrate.
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FERROELECTRIC LIQUID CRYSTAL (FLC) POLYMERS (Fri, 06 Aug 2010)
A system having a ferroelectric liquid host material and a small amount of polymer additive is provided. In an embodiment, the polymer additive improves the physical characteristics of the system. In an embodiment, the system can be used in FLC applications.
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Microfabricated elastomeric valve and pump systems (Fri, 30 Jul 2010)
A method of fabricating an elastomeric structure, comprising: forming a first elastomeric layer on top of a first micromachined mold, the first micromachined mold having a first raised protrusion which forms a first recess extending along a bottom surface of the first elastomeric layer; forming a second elastomeric layer on top of a second micromachined mold, the second micromachined mold having a second raised protrusion which forms a second recess extending along a bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer; bonding the bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer onto a top surface of the first elastomeric layer such that a control channel forms in the second recess between the first and second elastomeric layers; and positioning the first elastomeric layer on top of a planar substrate such that a flow channel forms in the first recess between the first elastomeric layer and the planar substrate.
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OVEREXPRESSION OF AMINOACYL-tRNA SYNTHETASES FOR EFFICIENT PRODUCTION OF ENGINEERED PROTEINS CONTAINING AMINO ACID ANALOGUES (Fri, 23 Jul 2010)
Methods for producing modified polypeptides containing amino acid analogues are disclosed. The invention further provides purified dihydrofolate reductase polypeptides, produced by the methods of the invention, in which the methionine residues have been replaced with homoallylglycine, homoproparglycine, norvaline, norleucine, cis-crotylglycine, trans-crotylglycine, 2-aminoheptanoic acid, 2-butynylglycine and allylglycine.
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Process for the Production of a Hydrocarbon (Fri, 16 Jul 2010)
A process for the production of a hydrocarbon which comprises contacting, in a reactor, methanol and/or dimethyl ether with a catalyst comprising a metal halide, such as a zinc halide, in which the methanol and/or dimethyl ether is contacted with the catalyst in the presence of at least one phosphorus compound having at least one P—H bond.
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Microfabricated elastomeric valve and pump systems (Fri, 16 Jul 2010)
A method of fabricating an elastomeric structure, comprising: forming a first elastomeric layer on top of a first micromachined mold, the first micromachined mold having a first raised protrusion which forms a first recess extending along a bottom surface of the first elastomeric layer; forming a second elastomeric layer on top of a second micromachined mold, the second micromachined mold having a second raised protrusion which forms a second recess extending along a bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer; bonding the bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer onto a top surface of the first elastomeric layer such that a control channel forms in the second recess between the first and second elastomeric layers; and positioning the first elastomeric layer on top of a planar substrate such that a flow channel forms in the first recess between the first elastomeric layer and the planar substrate.
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Olefin metathesis initiators bearing thiazol-2-ylidene ligands (Fri, 11 Jun 2010)
This invention relates to olefin metathesis catalysts general formula (I): <chemistry id="CHEM-US-00001" num="00001"> <img id="EMI-C00001" he="16.76mm" wi="50.46mm" file="US08039566-20111018-C00001.TIF" alt="embedded image" img-content="chem" img-format="tif"/> </chemistry> having a thiazol-2-ylidene ligand of general formula (II): <chemistry id="CHEM-US-00002" num="00002"> <img id="EMI-C00002" he="23.28mm" wi="60.11mm" file="US08039566-20111018-C00002.TIF" alt="embedded image" img-content="chem" img-format="tif"/> </chemistry> The catalysts have been found to be particularly good initiators of (a) ring-closing metathesis reactions used to prepare tetra-substituted cyclic olefins, and (b) cross-metathesis reactions used to prepare tri-substituted and di-substituted olefins. 
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Low field SQUID MRI devices, components and methods (Fri, 07 May 2010)
Low field SQUID MRI devices, components and methods are disclosed. They include a portable low field (SQUID)-based MRI instrument and a portable low field SQUID-based MRI system to be operated under a bed where a subject is adapted to be located. Also disclosed is a method of distributing wires on an image encoding coil system adapted to be used with an NMR or MRI device for analyzing a sample or subject and a second order superconducting gradiometer adapted to be used with a low field SQUID-based MRI device as a sensing component for an MRI signal related to a subject or sample.
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EXTRACTION OF ANIONS FROM SOLUTIONS AND MIXTURES USING HYPERBRANCHED MACROMOLECULES (Fri, 09 Apr 2010)
Hyperbranched macromolecules and methods are described for selectively filtering contaminants such as anions from water and non-aqueous solutions, particularly in the presence of competing contaminants including other anions. The hyperbranched macromolecules may contain alkyl, 2-hydroxyalkyl, 2-methyl-2-hydroxylalkyl, 2-hydroxy-2- phenylalkyl, and other groups, which may be hydrophilic or hydrophobic. The molecules may preferentially bind to the contaminant at interest at low pH, and release the contaminant at a pH of about 9. The molecules may be used to filter contaminants including perchlorate and nitrate even in the presence of high sulfate concentrations.
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Small molecule stimulators of neuronal growth (Fri, 26 Mar 2010)
Provided herein are small molecule stimulators of neuronal growth, their preparation, and their use for treatment of neurological disorders. In one embodiment, provided herein are methods of treatment, prevention, or amelioration of a variety of medical conditions associated with neurological disorders using the compounds and compositions provided herein.
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Nucleic Acid Mediated Electron Transfer (Fri, 19 Mar 2010)
The present invention provides for the selective covalent modification of nucleic acids with redox active moieties such as transition metal complexes. Electron donor and electron acceptor moieties are covalently bound to the ribose-phosphate backbone of a nucleic acid at predetermined positions. The resulting complexes represent a series of new derivatives that are bimolecular templates capable of transferring electrons over very large distances at extremely fast rates. These complexes possess unique structural features which enable the use of an entirely new class of bioconductors and photoactive probes.
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CARRIER NANOPARTICLES AND RELATED COMPOSITIONS, METHODS AND SYSTEMS (Fri, 19 Feb 2010)
Carrier nanoparticles comprising a polymer containing a polyol coupled to a polymer containing a boronic acid, configured to present the polymer containing a boronic acid to an environment external to the nanoparticle and related compositions, methods and systems.
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Integrated optical modulator (Fri, 08 Jan 2010)
Systems and methods for manipulating light with high index contrast waveguides clad with crystalline substances having that exhibit large nonlinear electro-optic constants χ2 and χ3. Waveguides fabricated on SOI wafers and clad with crystalline materials such as barium titanate are described. Embodiments of waveguides having slots, electrical contacts, and input waveguide couplers are discussed. Waveguides having closed loop structures (such as rings and ovals) as well as linear or serpentine waveguides, are described. Optical signal processing methods, such as optical rectification and optical modulation, are disclosed.
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MULTI-LIGAND CAPTURE AGENTS AND RELATED COMPOSITIONS, METHODS AND SYSTEMS (Thu, 24 Dec 2009)
Multi-ligand capture agents comprising two or more ligands are described, and related compositions, methods and systems.
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ENGINEERED LECTINS FOR VIRAL INACTIVATION (Fri, 04 Dec 2009)
Engineered lectins and methods of using such reagents for both preventing and treating a broad array of viral infections are provided. The lectins of the invention are engineered in two ways, first through the enhancement of the natural mode of action of lectins against viruses through linked multimerization, and second through the creation of a new class of reagents, hereinafter referred to as a “lectibody” or “lectibodies”, that engage host immune function in addition to simply binding glycosylated viral proteins via the combination of a lectin and the Fc region of an antibody in order to drive Fc-mediated effector functions including ADCC (antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity), increased half-life, complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), and antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis (ADCP) in response to a lectin-mediated carbohydrate-binding event.
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Thermostable peroxide-driven cytochrome P450 oxygenase variants and methods of use (Fri, 23 Oct 2009)
The invention relates to novel variants of cytochrome P450 oxygenases. These variants have at least one mutation improving their ability to use peroxide as an oxygen donor as compared to the corresponding wild-type enzyme. The variants also have at least one mutation improving thermostability as compared to the parent enzyme or corresponding wild-type enzyme. Preferred variants include cytochrome P450 BM-3 heme domain variants having L52I, I58V, F87A, H100R, S106R, F107L, A135S, M145A/V, A184V, N239H, S274T, L324I, V340M, I366V, K434E, E442K, and/or V446I amino acid substitutions.
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Autonomous electrochemical actuation of microfluidic circuits (Fri, 23 Oct 2009)
A microfluidic structure with an electrically controlled pressure source is shown. The pressure source is an electrolyte connected with electrodes. Dissociation of the electrolyte generates the pressure, which is used to obtain a valve-like or pump-like behavior inside the microfluidic structure. A process for manufacturing the microfluidic structure and a method to circulate fluids in a microfluidic channel are also described.
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RUTHENIUM OLEFIN METATHESIS CATALYSTS BEARING N-HETEROCYCLIC CARBENE LIGANDS WITH SUBSTITUTED BACKBONE (Fri, 16 Oct 2009)
This invention relates generally to olefin metathesis, more particularly, to tri- or tetra-substituted imidazoliniυm salts which are precursors to N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands with tri- or tetra-substituted irnidazolinium rings, organometallic ruthenium complexes comprising gem di-substituted imidazoiinium NHC ligands, organometallic ruthenium complexes comprising tri- or tetra-substituted imidazoiinium NHC ligands, and to olefin metathesis methods using them. The catalysts and methods of the invention have utility in the fields of catalysis, organic synthesis, and industrial chemistry.
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Microfabricated elastomeric valve and pump systems (Wed, 14 Oct 2009)
A method of fabricating an elastomeric structure, comprising: forming a first elastomeric layer on top of a first micromachined mold, the first micromachined mold having a first raised protrusion which forms a first recess extending along a bottom surface of the first elastomeric layer; forming a second elastomeric layer on top of a second micromachined mold, the second micromachined mold having a second raised protrusion which forms a second recess extending along a bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer; bonding the bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer onto a top surface of the first elastomeric layer such that a control channel forms in the second recess between the first and second elastomeric layers; and positioning the first elastomeric layer on top of a planar substrate such that a flow channel forms in the first recess between the first elastomeric layer and the planar substrate.
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Water treatment by dendrimer-enhanced filtration (Fri, 11 Sep 2009)
Described herein are compositions and methods useful for the purification of water using dendritic macromolecules. The process involves using dendritic macromolecules (dendrimers) to bind to contaminants, and a filtration step to produce water from which contaminants have been removed or modified. Examples of dendrimers that may be used in the process include cation-binding dendrimers, anion-binding dendrimers, organic compound-binding dendrimers, redox-active dendrimers, biological compound-binding dendrimers, catalytic dendrimers, biocidal dendrimers, viral-binding dendrimers, multi-functional dendrimers, and combinations thereof. The process is readily scalable and provides many options for customization.
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FUSION PROTEIN MICROARRAYS AND METHODS OF USE (Fri, 04 Sep 2009)
The present invention provides a microarray having one or more fusion proteins non-covalently attached to a solid support. Non-covalent attachment is achieved by designing a fusion protein having a polyanionic domain attached to a subject protein, and attaching the fusion protein to a solid support having a polycationic coating.
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METHOD FOR STABILIZATION OF PROTEINS USING NON-NATURAL AMINO ACIDS (Fri, 04 Sep 2009)
The present invention provides a method for producing modified stable polypeptides introducing at least one non-natural amino acid into the hydrophobic region of the polypeptide. The thermal and chemical stability of such polypeptides is improved compared to those properties of its corresponding wild type proteins. The invention further provides purified leucine zipper and coiled-coil proteins in which the leucine residues have been replaced with 5,5,5-trifluoroleucines, and the modified proteins so produced demonstrate increased thermal and chemical stability compared to their corresponding wild-type natural proteins.
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Methods and systems for selective fluorination of organic molecules (Fri, 21 Aug 2009)
A method and system for selectively fluorinating organic molecules on a target site wherein the target site is activated and then fluorinated are shown together with a method and system for identifying a molecule having a biological activity.
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AUTONOMOUS ELECTROCHEMICAL ACTUATION OF MICROFLUIDIC CIRCUITS (Fri, 31 Jul 2009)
A microfluidic structure with an electrically controlled pressure source is shown. The pressure source is an electrolyte connected with electrodes. Dissociation of the electrolyte generates the pressure, which is used to obtain a valve-like or pump-like behavior inside the microfluidic structure. A process for manufacturing the microfluidic structure and a method to circulate fluids in a microfluidic channel are also described.
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Functionalized polymers using protected thiols (Fri, 10 Jul 2009)
A process for the preparation of functional molecules using the thiol-ene coupling reaction and a process for the preparation of protected functional thiols, specifically thioesters is provided. The methods may be used to make functional polymers and other molecules. The method of making a functionalized polymer using a thiol-ene reaction comprises: providing a functionalized thioester having the following formula: <chemistry id="chem-us-00001-en" num="00001"> <img id="emi-c00001" he="8.04mm" wi="19.30mm" file="US07847019-20101207-C00001.TIF" alt="embedded image" img-content="chem" img-format="tif"/> </chemistry> wherein R is a functional group and COR′ is a protecting group; cleaving the functionalized thioester, forming a functional thiol and an acyl group; providing a polymer having a pendant vinyl group; and reacting the polymer with the functional thiol whereby a functionalized polymer is formed, wherein the functional thiol is not isolated prior to reacting with the polymer. 
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MICROFABRICATED ELASTOMERIC VALVE AND PUMP SYSTEMS (Fri, 19 Jun 2009)
A method of fabricating an elastomeric structure, comprising: forming a first elastomeric layer on top of a first micromachined mold, the first micromachined mold having a first raised protrusion which forms a first recess extending along a bottom surface of the first elastomeric layer; forming a second elastomeric layer on top of a second micromachined mold, the second micromachined mold having a second raised protrusion which forms a second recess extending along a bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer; bonding the bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer onto a top surface of the first elastomeric layer such that a control channel forms in the second recess between the first and second elastomeric layers; and positioning the first elastomeric layer on top of a planar substrate such that a flow channel forms in the first recess between the first elastomeric layer and the planar substrate.
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DNA-binding polymers (Fri, 19 Jun 2009)
Methods and compositions are provided for forming complexes between dsDNA and novel DNA-binding polymers comprising N-terminal thiophene-containing moieties which exhibit selectivity for T-A base pairs. By appropriate choice of target sequences and DNA-binding polymers, complexes comprising polymer-DNA are obtained with high association constants. The formation of complexes can be used for identification of specific dsDNA sequences, for inhibiting gene transcription, and as a therapeutic for inhibiting proliferation of undesired cells or modulation of expression of specific genes.
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Peroxide-driven cytochrome P450 oxygenase variants (Fri, 05 Jun 2009)
The invention relates to novel variants of cytochrome P450 oxygenases. These variants have an improved ability to use peroxide as an oxygen donor as compared to the corresponding wild-type enzyme. These variants also have an improved thermostability as compared to the cytochrome P450 BM-3 F87A mutant. Preferred variants include cytochrome P450 BM-3 heme domain mutants having I58V, F87A, H100R, F107L, A135S, M145A/V, N239H, S274T, L324I, I366V, K434E, E442K, and/or V446I amino acid substitutions.
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PREPARATION OF SATURATED IMIDAZOLINIUM SALTS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS (Fri, 15 May 2009)
Methods for the preparation of saturated imidazolinium salts and related compounds that comprises reaction of formamidines with compounds such as dihaioethane and an optional base are disclosed. Alternatively, the imidazoünium salts and related compounds can be prepared in a one-step process without purification of the formamidine reactant. These methods make it possible to obtain numerous imidazolinium salts and related compounds under solvent-free reaction conditions and in excellent yields.
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COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING INCLUSION COMPLEXES, A PROCESS FOR THEIR PREPARATION, COMPOUNDS SERVING AS SUCH AND THEIR USE AS MEDICAMENTS (Tue, 05 May 2009)

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FUNCTIONALIZED POLYMERS USING PROTECTED THIOLS (Fri, 24 Apr 2009)
A process for the preparation of functional molecules using the thiol-ene coupling reaction and a process for the preparation of protected functional thiols, specifically thioesters is provided. The methods may be used to make functional polymers and other molecules. The method of making a functionalized polymer using a thiol-ene reaction comprises: providing a functionalized thioester having the following formula: (I) wherein R is a functional group and COR' is a protecting group; cleaving the functionalized thioester, forming a functional thiol and an acyl group; providing a polymer having a pendant vinyl group; and reacting the polymer with the functional thiol whereby a functionalized polymer is formed, wherein the functional thiol is not isolated prior to reacting with the polymer.
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SOLVENT, ADDITIVE AND CO-CATALYST EFFECTS FOR ETHYLENE OLIGOMERIZATION CATALYSIS (Fri, 10 Apr 2009)
The invention is directed to catalyst systems for the oligomerization of ethylene. In some embodiments, the catalyst system includes ethylene, a solvent, and a catalyst activated with an aluminoxane co-catalyst. The system may further include an additive. Various modifications to the different reaction parameters may be made to fine-tune the reaction properties, such as productivity, activity and selectivity for a particular oligomer. For example, the solvent may be modified to include a mixture of at least two solvents. Alternatively, the co-catalyst may be modified by aging or partially fluorinating the co-catalyst. In another alternative, an additive may be included in the reaction system. Each modification to the reaction system effects a different reaction outcome, thereby enabling fine-tuning of the reaction properties by varying the modifications to the reaction system.
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TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGING WITH A STRIPE-LIKE SHAPED SENSOR (Fri, 10 Apr 2009)
Tomographic imaging using an imaging sensor that lias a stupe-like shape is disclosed where a stripe sensor is mechanical!) scanned over a sample at different angles f or a single stripe detector imaging, linear motion and angular rotation are required Single stripe sensor imaging may be performed using an elongated inductive coil detector B\ utilizing an array of parallel stnpe sensors that can be individually addressed, two-dimensional imaging can be performed with rotation, only, eliminating the requirement for linear motion, e g with parallel coils array Imaging with a stripe-type sensor of particular width and thickness (where width is much larger than thickness) is resolution limited αnl\ by the thickness (smaller parameter) of the sensor Multiple sensor families can be produced where this imaging technique max be beneficial such as magneto-resistix- e. inductiv e, SQl UD, and Hall effect sensors, and particularly in the field of magnetic resonance imaging (Mill).
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Tomographic imaging with a stripe-like shaped sensor (Fri, 03 Apr 2009)
Tomographic imaging using an imaging sensor that has a stripe-like shape is disclosed where a stripe sensor is mechanically scanned over a sample at different angles. For a single stripe detector imaging, linear motion and angular rotation are required. Single stripe sensor imaging may be performed using an elongated inductive coil detector. By utilizing an array of parallel stripe sensors that can be individually addressed, two-dimensional imaging can be performed with rotation only, eliminating the requirement for linear motion, e.g. with parallel coils array. Imaging with a stripe-type sensor of particular width and thickness (where width is much larger than thickness) is resolution limited only by the thickness (smaller parameter) of the sensor. Multiple sensor families can be produced where this imaging technique may be beneficial such as magneto-resistive, inductive, SQUID, and Hall effect sensors, and particularly in the field of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
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Low field SQUID MRI devices, components and methods (Fri, 20 Mar 2009)
Low field SQUID MRI devices, components and methods are disclosed. They include a portable low field (SQUID)-based MRI instrument and a portable low field SQUID-based MRI system to be operated under a bed where a subject is adapted to be located. Also disclosed is a method of distributing wires on an image encoding coil system adapted to be used with an NMR or MRI device for analyzing a sample or subject and a second order superconducting gradiometer adapted to be used with a low field SQUID-based MRI device as a sensing component for an MRI signal related to a subject or sample.
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Methods and systems for selective fluorination of organic molecules (Fri, 06 Mar 2009)
A method and system for selectively fluorinating organic molecules on a target site wherein the target site is activated and then fluorinated are shown together with a method and system for identifying a molecule having a biological activity.
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Active NEMS arrays for biochemical analyses (Fri, 27 Feb 2009)
A biofunctionalized nanoelectromechanical device (BioNEMS) for sensing single-molecules in solution by measuring the variation in the mechanical displacement of the BioNEMS device during a binding event is provided. The biofunctionalized nanoelectromechanical device according to the invention generally comprises a nanomechanical mechanical resonator, a detector integral with the mechanical resonator for measuring the mechanical displacement of the resonator, and electronics connected to the detector for communicating the results to a user. A system of biofunctionalized nanoelectromechanical devices and a method for utilizing the biofunctionalized nanoelectromechanical device of the present invention are also provided.
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MODULATING PH-SENSITIVE BINDING USING NON-NATURAL AMINO ACIDS (Fri, 06 Feb 2009)
The invention provides methods, systems and reagents for regulating pH-sensitive protein interaction by incorporating non-natural amino acids into the protein (e.g. an antibody, or its functional fragment, derivative, etc.). The invention also relates to specific uses in regulating pH-sensitive binding of antibodies to tumor site, by conferring enhanced tumor-specificity/selectivity. In that embodiment, the non-natural amino acids preferably have desirable side-chain pKa's, such that at below physiological pH (e.g. about pH 6.3-6.5) the non-natural amino acid confer enhanced binding to tumor antigens in acidic environments. Such non-natural amino acids can be incorporated by any suitable means, such as by utilizing a modified aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase to charge the nonstandard amino acid to a modified tRNA, which forms strict Watson-Crick base-pairing with a codon that normally forms wobble base-pairing with natural tRNAs (e.g. the degenerate codon orthogonal system.
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Nanophotonic devices in silicon (Fri, 23 Jan 2009)
Systems and methods for manipulating light with high index contrast waveguides clad with substances having that exhibit large nonlinear electro-optic constants χ2 and χ3. Waveguides fabricated on SOI wafers and clad with electro-optic polymers are described. Embodiments of waveguides having slots, electrical contacts, and input waveguide couplers are discussed. Waveguides having closed loop structures (such as rings and ovals) as well as linear or serpentine waveguides, are described. Optical signal processing methods, such as optical rectification and optical modulation, are disclosed. Designs having responsivity of less than 1 volt-centimeter are described.
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HIGH METATHESIS ACTIVITY RUTHENIUM AND OSMIUM METAL CARBENE COMPLEXES (Fri, 09 Jan 2009)
Ruthenium and osmium carbene compounds that are stable in the presence of a variety of functional groups and can be used to catalyze olefin metathesis reactions on unstrained cyclic and acyclic olefins are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of making the carbene compounds. The carbene compounds are of the formula <chemistry id="chem-us-00001-en" num="00001"> <img id="emi-c00001-en" he="13.29mm" wi="16.43mm" file="us20090012254a1-20090108-c00001.tif" img-content="chem" img-format="tif"/> </chemistry> where M is Os or Ru; R1 is hydrogen; R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted aryl; X and X1 are independently selected from any anionic ligand; and L and L1 are independently selected from any neutral electron donor. The ruthenium and osmium carbene compounds of the present invention may be synthesized using diazo compounds, by neutral electron donor ligand exchange, by cross metathesis, using acetylene, using cumulated olefins, and in a one-pot method using diazo compounds and neutral electron donors. The ruthenium and osmium carbene compounds of the present invention may be used to catalyze olefin metathesis reactions including, but not limited to, ROMP, RCM, depolymerization of unsaturated polymers, synthesis of telechelic polymers, and olefin synthesis.
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High metathesis activity ruthenium and osmium carbene complexes (Fri, 09 Jan 2009)
Ruthenium and osmium carbene compounds that are stable in the presence of a variety of functional groups and can be used to catalyze olefin metathesis reactions on unstrained cyclic and acyclic olefins are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of making the carbene compounds. The carbene compounds are of the formula <chemistry id="chem-us-00001-en" num="00001"> <img id="emi-c00001-en" he="17.70mm" wi="15.24mm" file="US07750172-20100706-C00001.TIF" alt="embedded image" img-content="chem" img-format="tif"/> </chemistry> where M is Os or Ru; R1 is hydrogen; R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted aryl; X and X1 are independently selected from any anionic ligand; and L and L1 are independently selected from any neutral electron donor. The ruthenium and osmium carbene compounds of the present invention may be synthesized using diazo compounds, by neutral electron donor ligand exchange, by cross metathesis, using acetylene, using cumulated olefins, and in a one-pot method using diazo compounds and neutral electron donors. The ruthenium and osmium carbene compounds of the present invention may be used to catalyze olefin metathesis reactions including, but not limited to, ROMP, RCM, depolymerization of unsaturated polymers, synthesis of telechelic polymers, and olefin synthesis. 
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Method and compositions for the detection of protein glycosylation (Fri, 19 Dec 2008)
The invention provides methods and compositions for the rapid and sensitive detection of post-translationally modified proteins, and particularly of those with post-translational glycosylations. The methods can be used to detect O-GlcNAc posttranslational modifications on proteins on which such modifications were undetectable using other techniques. In one embodiment, the method exploits the ability of an engineered mutant of β-1,4-galactosyltransferase to selectively transfer an unnatural ketone functionality onto O-GlcNAc glycosylated proteins. Once transferred, the ketone moiety serves as a versatile handle for the attachment of biotin, thereby enabling detection of the modified protein. The approach permits the rapid visualization of proteins that are at the limits of detection using traditional methods. Further, the preferred embodiments can be used for detection of certain disease states, such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes.
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Fusion protein microarrays and methods of use (Wed, 10 Dec 2008)
The present invention provides a microarray having one or more fusion proteins non-covalently attached to a solid support. Non-covalent attachment is achieved by designing a fusion protein having a polyanionic domain attached to a subject protein, and attaching the fusion protein to a solid support having a polycationic coating.
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MICROFABRICATED ELASTOMERIC VALVE AND PUMP SYSTEMS (Fri, 28 Nov 2008)
A method of fabricating an elastomeric structure, comprising: forming a first elastomeric layer on top of a first micromachined mold, the first micromachined mold having a first raised protrusion which forms a first recess extending along a bottom surface of the first elastomeric layer; forming a second elastomeric layer on top of a second micromachined mold, the second micromachined mold having a second raised protrusion which forms a second recess extending along a bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer; bonding the bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer onto a top surface of the first elastomeric layer such that a control channel forms in the second recess between the first and second elastomeric layers; and positioning the first elastomeric layer on top of a planar substrate such that a flow channel forms in the first recess between the first elastomeric layer and the planar substrate.
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Cytochrome P450 oxygenases (Fri, 28 Nov 2008)
Nucleic acids encoding cytochrome P450 variants are provided. The cytochrome P450 variants of have a higher alkane-oxidation capability, alkene-oxidation capability, and/or a higher organic-solvent resistance than the corresponding wild-type or parent cytochrome P450 enzyme. A preferred wild-type cytochrome P450 is cytochrome P450 BM-3. Preferred cytochrome P450 variants include those having an improved capability to hydroxylate alkanes and epoxidate alkenes comprising less than 8 carbons, and have amino acid substitutions corresponding to V78A, H236Q, and E252G of cytochrome P450 BM-3. Preferred cytochrome P450 variants also include those having an improved hydroxylation activity in solutions comprising co-solvents such as DMSO and THF, and have amino acid substitutions corresponding to T235A, R471A, E494K, and S1024E of cytochrome P450 BM-3.
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NUCLEIC ACIDS AND PROTEINS AND METHODS FOR MAKING AND USING THEM (Fri, 28 Nov 2008)

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TWO-PHOTON OR HIGHER-ORDER ABSORBING OPTICAL MATERIALS FOR GENERATION OF REACTIVE SPECIES (Fri, 21 Nov 2008)
Disclosed are highly efficient multiphoton absorbing compounds and methods of their use. The compounds generally include a bridge of pi-conjugated bonds connecting electron donating groups or electron accepting groups. The bridge may be substituted with a variety of substituents as well. Solubility, lipophilicity, absorption maxima and other characteristics of the compounds may be tailored by changing the electron donating groups or electron accepting groups, the substituents attached to or the length of the pi-conjugated bridge. Numerous photophysical and photochemical methods are enabled by converting these compounds to electronically excited states upon simultaneous absorption of at least two photons of radiation. The compounds have large two-photon or higher-order absorptivities such that upon absorption, one or more Lewis acidic species, Lewis basic species, radical species or ionic species are formed.
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Magnetic resonance stage microscope (Fri, 21 Nov 2008)
A magnetic resonance (MR) microscope and a dual-mode optic and MR microscope system are disclosed. The MR microscope is provided with a horizontal stage above which a sample to be analyzed is located, a radiofrequency coil assembly located above the horizontal stage and below the sample, a magnetic field gradient module located under the horizontal stage, and a heat exchange unit thermally coupled to the magnetic field gradient module and located under the magnetic field gradient module. The dual-mode optic and MR microscope system is provided with an MR microscope and an optical microscope, the optical microscope comprising a mirror located above the sample.
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LITHIUM FLUOROPOLYMER AND FLUORO-ORGANIC BATTERIES (Fri, 21 Nov 2008)
The invention provides lithium and lithium ion batteries in which the active material of one of the electrodes includes a substantial quantity of a fluoropolymer or fluoro-oligomer material having carbon-fluorine bonds. The fluoropolymer or fluoro- oligomer active material may be mixed with a substantial quantity of electrically conductive material, and may also be mixed with subfluorinated carbonaceous materials. The batteries of the invention are useful for elevated temperature applications. The invention also provides methods for electrochemical generation of energy which employ the batteries of the invention at elevated temperatures.
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MICROFABRICATED ELASTOMERIC VALVE AND PUMP SYSTEMS (Fri, 14 Nov 2008)
A method of fabricating an elastomeric structure, comprising: forming a first elastomeric layer on top of a first micromachined mold, the first micromachined mold having a first raised protrusion which forms a first recess extending along a bottom surface of the first elastomeric layer; forming a second elastomeric layer on top of a second micromachined mold, the second micromachined mold having a second raised protrusion which forms a second recess extending along a bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer; bonding the bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer onto a top surface of the first elastomeric layer such that a control channel forms in the second recess between the first and second elastomeric layers; and positioning the first elastomeric layer on top of a planar substrate such that a flow channel forms in the first recess between the first elastomeric layer and the planar substrate.
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Method of preparing a supramolecular complex containing a therapeutic agent and a multi-dimensional polymer network (Fri, 14 Nov 2008)
A method of preparing a supramolecular complex containing at least one therapeutic agent and a multi-dimensional polymer network is described. A supramolecular complex prepared by a method of the invention is described. A method of treatment by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a supramolecular complex of the invention is also described. Such a supramolecular complex may be used as a delivery vehicle for various therapeutic agents.
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Microfabricated elastomeric valve and pump systems (Fri, 14 Nov 2008)
A method of fabricating an elastomeric structure, comprising: forming a first elastomeric layer on top of a first micromachined mold, the first micromachined mold having a first raised protrusion which forms a first recess extending along a bottom surface of the first elastomeric layer; forming a second elastomeric layer on top of a second micromachined mold, the second micromachined mold having a second raised protrusion which forms a second recess extending along a bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer; bonding the bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer onto a top surface of the first elastomeric layer such that a control channel forms in the second recess between the first and second elastomeric layers; and positioning the first elastomeric layer on top of a planar substrate such that a flow channel forms in the first recess between the first elastomeric layer and the planar substrate.
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WATER TREATMENT BY DENDRIMER-ENHANCED FILTRATION (Fri, 14 Nov 2008)
Described herein are compositions and methods useful for the purification of aqueous fluids using dendritic macromolecules. The process involves using dendritic macromolecules (dendrimers) to bind to or chemically transform solutes, and a filtration step to produce fluid from which solutes have been removed or chemically transformed. Examples of dendrimers that may be used in the process include cation-binding dendrimers, anion-binding dendrimers, organic compound-binding dendrimers, redox-active dendrimers, biological compound-binding dendrimers, catalytic dendrimers, biocidal dendrimers, viral-binding dendrimers, multi-functional dendrimers, and combinations thereof. The process is readily scalable and provides many options for customization.
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LOW FIELD SQUID MRI DEVICES, COMPONENTS AND METHODS (Fri, 14 Nov 2008)
Low field SQUID MRI devices, components and methods are disclosed. They include a portable low field (SQUID)-based MRI instrument and a portable low field SQUID-based MRI system to be operated under a bed where a subject is adapted to be located. Also disclosed is a method of distributing wires on an image encoding coil system adapted to be used with an NMR or MRI device for analyzing a sample or subject and a second order superconducting gradiometer adapted to be used with a low field SQUID-based MRI device as a sensing component for an MRI signal related to a subject or sample.
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Apparatus and methods for conducting assays and high throughput screening (Fri, 07 Nov 2008)
The present invention provides microfluidic devices and methods for using the same. In particular, microfluidic devices of the present invention are useful in conducting a variety of assays and high throughput screening. Microfluidic devices of the present invention include elastomeric components and comprise a main flow channel; a plurality of branch flow channels; a plurality of control channels; and a plurality of valves. Preferably, each of the valves comprises one of the control channels and an elastomeric segment that is deflectable into or retractable from the main or branch flow channel upon which the valve operates in response to an actuation force applied to the control channel.
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INHIBITORS FOR STEROID RESPONSE ELEMENTS AND RELATED METHODS (Fri, 07 Nov 2008)
The present invention relates to polyamides capable of inhibiting ARE-, GRE- and ERE-mediated gene regulation in cells. The invention also relates to methods to treat diseases related to ARE-, GRE- and ERE-mediated gene regulation.
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Polyamides with tail structures capable of binding DNA (Fri, 31 Oct 2008)
The present invention relates to polyamides with a tail comprising a linker and an end-group. A preferred end-group is isophthalic acid and derivatives thereof. Polyamides of the invention are capable of entering the nucleus of cells. Polyamides of the invention are capable of selectively binding DNA. The invention also relates to methods of using the polyamides in therapy and research.
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Methods for Generating Novel Stabilized Proteins (Fri, 10 Oct 2008)
The disclosure provides methods for identifying and producing stabilized chimeric proteins.
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Degradable polymers and methods of preparation thereof (Fri, 10 Oct 2008)
The present invention provides polymers which substantially degrade in the presence of one or more triggers, preferably light energy or hydrogen peroxide, but does not substantially degrade in the absence of one or more triggers.
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METHODS FOR GENERATING NOVEL STABILIZED PROTEINS (Fri, 10 Oct 2008)
Methods for identifying and producing stabilized chimeric proteins based on cytochrome P540 are disclosed. Included are polypeptides from the CYP102A1, CYP102A2, and CYP102A3 and combinations thereof. Peptide segments, polynucleotides, vectors, host cells, and enzyme extracts are also disclosed.
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Microfabricated elastomeric valve and pump systems (Fri, 03 Oct 2008)
A method of fabricating an elastomeric structure, comprising: forming a first elastomeric layer on top of a first micromachined mold, the first micromachined mold having a first raised protrusion which forms a first recess extending along a bottom surface of the first elastomeric layer; forming a second elastomeric layer on top of a second micromachined mold, the second micromachined mold having a second raised protrusion which forms a second recess extending along a bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer; bonding the bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer onto a top surface of the first elastomeric layer such that a control channel forms in the second recess between the first and second elastomeric layers; and positioning the first elastomeric layer on top of a planar substrate such that a flow channel forms in the first recess between the first elastomeric layer and the planar substrate.
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METHODS FOR GENERATING NOVEL STABILIZED PROTEINS (Fri, 03 Oct 2008)
Methods for identifying and producing stabilized chimeric proteins with diverse sequences by predicting the stable chimeras in a site- directed SCHEMA recombination library are provided Two approaches to analyzing a subset of the SCHEMA chimeras were shown to be effective Both approaches assume that the fragments contribute in an additive manner to the overall stability, but estimate those contributions using different data Both approaches identify highly stable sequences, SCHEMA recombination ensures that they also retain biological function and exhibit high sequence diversity by conserving important functional residues while exchanging tolerant ones
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HIGH DISCHARGE RATE BATTERIES (Fri, 19 Sep 2008)
Improved electrode compositions including fluorinated carbon materials. The electrode compositions can include combinations of subfluorinated carbon materials with more than 10 wt% electrically conducting material. The electrode compositions can also include combinations of subfluorinated carbon materials with a different fluorinated carbon material. These electrode compositions are suitable for use in electrochemical devices such as primary batteries, secondary batteries, and supercapacitors and can provide enhanced performance at high discharge rates compared to conventional CF1 positive electrode compositions
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MICROFABRICATED ELASTOMERIC VALVE AND PUMP SYSTEMS (Fri, 12 Sep 2008)
A method of fabricating an elastomeric structure, comprising: forming a first elastomeric layer on top of a first micromachined mold, the first micromachined mold having a first raised protrusion which forms a first recess extending along a bottom surface of the first elastomeric layer; forming a second elastomeric layer on top of a second micromachined mold, the second micromachined mold having a second raised protrusion which forms a second recess extending along a bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer; bonding the bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer onto a top surface of the first elastomeric layer such that a control channel forms in the second recess between the first and second elastomeric layers; and positioning the first elastomeric layer on top of a planar substrate such that a flow channel forms in the first recess between the first elastomeric layer and the planar substrate.
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MICROFABRICATED ELASTOMERIC VALVE AND PUMP SYSTEMS (Fri, 05 Sep 2008)
A method of fabricating an elastomeric structure, comprising: forming a first elastomeric layer on top of a first micromachined mold, the first micromachined mold having a first raised protrusion which forms a first recess extending along a bottom surface of the first elastomeric layer; forming a second elastomeric layer on top of a second micromachined mold, the second micromachined mold having a second raised protrusion which forms a second recess extending along a bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer; bonding the bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer onto a top surface of the first elastomeric layer such that a control channel forms in the second recess between the first and second elastomeric layers; and positioning the first elastomeric layer on top of a planar substrate such that a flow channel forms in the first recess between the first elastomeric layer and the planar substrate.
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MICROFABRICATED ELASTOMERIC VALVE AND PUMP SYSTEMS (Fri, 05 Sep 2008)
A method of fabricating an elastomeric structure, comprising: forming a first elastomeric layer on top of a first micromachined mold, the first micromachined mold having a first raised protrusion which forms a first recess extending along a bottom surface of the first elastomeric layer; forming a second elastomeric layer on top of a second micromachined mold, the second micromachined mold having a second raised protrusion which forms a second recess extending along a bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer; bonding the bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer onto a top surface of the first elastomeric layer such that a control channel forms in the second recess between the first and second elastomeric layers; and positioning the first elastomeric layer on top of a planar substrate such that a flow channel forms in the first recess between the first elastomeric layer and the planar substrate.
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Microfabricated elastomeric valve and pump systems (Fri, 05 Sep 2008)
A method of fabricating an elastomeric structure, comprising: forming a first elastomeric layer on top of a first micromachined mold, the first micromachined mold having a first raised protrusion which forms a first recess extending along a bottom surface of the first elastomeric layer; forming a second elastomeric layer on top of a second micromachined mold, the second micromachined mold having a second raised protrusion which forms a second recess extending along a bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer; bonding the bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer onto a top surface of the first elastomeric layer such that a control channel forms in the second recess between the first and second elastomeric layers; and positioning the first elastomeric layer on top of a planar substrate such that a flow channel forms in the first recess between the first elastomeric layer and the planar substrate.
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Microfabricated elastomeric valve and pump systems (Fri, 05 Sep 2008)
A method of fabricating an elastomeric structure, comprising: forming a first elastomeric layer on top of a first micromachined mold, the first micromachined mold having a first raised protrusion which forms a first recess extending along a bottom surface of the first elastomeric layer; forming a second elastomeric layer on top of a second micromachined mold, the second micromachined mold having a second raised protrusion which forms a second recess extending along a bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer; bonding the bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer onto a top surface of the first elastomeric layer such that a control channel forms in the second recess between the first and second elastomeric layers; and positioning the first elastomeric layer on top of a planar substrate such that a flow channel forms in the first recess between the first elastomeric layer and the planar substrate.
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METHODS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF DRUGS THAT INTERACT WITH THE G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR DP (Fri, 15 Aug 2008)
The present invention describes a method for identifying a compound that can function as an agonist, inverse agonist, or antagonist of DP receptor, the method comprising providing three-dimensional coordinates and identities of the atoms of DP receptor; utilizing the three-dimensional coordinates and identities to design or select the compound such that the compound is able to bind to at least one DP receptor atom, providing the compound; confirming that the compound binds to DP receptor; and confirming the compound functions as an agonist, inverse agonist, or antagonist of DP receptor.
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ALKANE OXIDATION BY MODIFIED HYDROXYLASES (Fri, 15 Aug 2008)
This invention relates to modified hydroxylases. The invention further relates to cells expressing such modified hydroxylases and methods of producing hydroxylated alkanes by contacting a suitable substrate with such cells.
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Water treatment by dendrimer-enhanced filtration (Fri, 08 Aug 2008)
Described herein are compositions and methods useful for the purification of aqueous fluids using dendritic macromolecules. The process involves using dendritic macromolecules (dendrimers) to bind to or chemically transform solutes, and a filtration step to produce fluid from which solutes have been removed or chemically transformed. Examples of dendrimers that may be used in the process include cation-binding dendrimers, anion-binding dendrimers, organic compound-binding dendrimers, redox-active dendrimers, biological compound-binding dendrimers, catalytic dendrimers, biocidal dendrimers, viral-binding dendrimers, multi-functional dendrimers, and combinations thereof. The process is readily scalable and provides many options for customization.
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Microfabricated elastomeric valve and pump systems (Fri, 25 Jul 2008)
A method of fabricating an elastomeric structure, comprising: forming a first elastomeric layer on top of a first micromachined mold, the first micromachined mold having a first raised protrusion which forms a first recess extending along a bottom surface of the first elastomeric layer; forming a second elastomeric layer on top of a second micromachined mold, the second micromachined mold having a second raised protrusion which forms a second recess extending along a bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer; bonding the bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer onto a top surface of the first elastomeric layer such that a control channel forms in the second recess between the first and second elastomeric layers; and positioning the first elastomeric layer on top of a planar substrate such that a flow channel forms in the first recess between the first elastomeric layer and the planar substrate.
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Non-metallocene organometallic complexes and related methods and systems (Fri, 25 Jul 2008)
A non-metallocene organometallic complex comprising a tridentate ligand and a metal bonded to a tridentate ligand, wherein two substituted aryl groups in the tridentate ligand are connected to a cyclic group at the ortho position via semi-rigid ring-ring linkages, and selected so to provide the resulting non-metallocene organometallic complex with a CS geometry, a C1 geometry, a C2 geometry or a C2v geometry. Method for performing olefin polymerization with a non-metallocene organometallic complex as a catalyst, related catalytic systems, tridentate ligand and method for providing a non-metallocene organometallic complex.
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Multiplex Q-PCR arrays (Fri, 25 Jul 2008)
This invention provides methods and systems for measuring the concentration of multiple nucleic acid sequences in a sample. The nucleic acid sequences in the sample are simultaneously amplified, for example, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the presence of an array of nucleic acid probes. The amount of amplicon corresponding to the multiple nucleic acid sequences can be measured in real-time during or after each cycle using a real-time microarray. The measured amount of amplicon produced can be used to determine the original amount of the nucleic acid sequences in the sample.
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METHODS FOR GENERATING NOVEL STABILIZED PROTEINS (Fri, 18 Jul 2008)
The disclosure provides methods for identifying and producing stabilized chimeric proteins.
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OVEREXPRESSION OF AMINOACYL-tRNA SYNTHETASES FOR EFFICIENT PRODUCTION OF ENGINEERED PROTEINS CONTAINING AMINO ACID ANALOGUES (Fri, 04 Jul 2008)
Methods for producing modified polypeptides containing amino acid analogues are disclosed. The invention further provides purified dihydrofolate reductase polypeptides, produced by the methods of the invention, in which the methionine residues have been replaced with homoallylglycine, homoproparglycine, norvaline, norleucine, cis-crotylglycine, trans-crotylglycine, 2-aminoheptanoic acid, 2-butynylglycine and allylglycine.
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IMIDAZOLIDINE-BASED METAL CARBENE METATHESIS CATALYSTS (Fri, 06 Jun 2008)
The present invention relates to novel metathesis catalysts with an imidazolidine-based ligand and to methods for making and using the same. The inventive catalysts are of the formula <chemistry id="chem-us-00001-en" num="00001"> <img id="emi-c00001" he="27.26mm" wi="20.32mm" file="US20080132708A1-20080605-C00001.TIF" img-content="chem" img-format="tif"/> </chemistry> wherein: <ul id="ul0001-en" list-style="none"><li><ul id="ul0002-en" list-style="none"><li>M is ruthenium or osmium;</li><li>X and X1 are each independently an anionic ligand;</li><li>L is a neutral electron donor ligand; and,</li><li>R, R1, R6, R7, R8, and R9 are each independently hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, C2-C20 alkynyl, aryl, C1-C20 carboxylate, C1-C20 alkoxy, C2-C20 alkenyloxy, C2-C20 alkynyloxy, aryloxy, C2-C20 alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C20 alkylthiol, aryl thiol, C1-C20 alkylsulfonyl and C1-C20 alkylsulfinyl, the substituent optionally substituted with one or more moieties selected from the group consisting of C1-C10 alkyl, C1-C10 alkoxy, aryl, and a functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, thiol, thioether, ketone, aldehyde, ester, ether, amine, imine, amide, nitro, carboxylic acid, disulfide, carbonate, isocyanate, carbodiimide, carboalkoxy, carbamate, and halogen. The inclusion of an imidazolidine ligand to the previously described ruthenium or osmium catalysts has been found to dramatically improve the properties of these complexes. The inventive catalysts maintains the functional group tolerance of previously described ruthenium complexes while having enhanced metathesis activity that compares favorably to prior art tungsten and molybdenum systems.</li></ul></li></ul>
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POLYAMIDES WITH TAIL STRUCTURES (Fri, 06 Jun 2008)
The present invention relates to polyamides with a tail comprising a linker and an end- group. A preferred end-group is isophthalic acid and derivatives thereof. Polyamides of the invention are capable of entering the nucleus of cells. Polyamides of the invention are capable of selectively binding DNA. The invention also relates to methods of using the polyamides in therapy and research.
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Hydride reduction of alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds using chiral organic catalysts (Fri, 30 May 2008)
Nonmetallic, chiral organic catalysts are used to catalyze the 1,4-hydride reduction of an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound. The α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound may be an aldehyde or cyclic ketone, and the hydride donor may be a dihydropyridine. The reaction is enantioselective, and proceeds with a variety of hydride donors, catalysts, and substrates. The invention also provides compositions effective in carrying out the 1,4-hydride addition of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds.
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OLEFIN METATHESIS INITIATORS BEARING THIAZOL-2-YLIDENE LIGANDS (Fri, 30 May 2008)
This invention relates to olefin metathesis catalysts general formula (I) having a thiazol-2-ylidene ligand of general formula (II). The catalysts have been found to be particularly good initiators of (a) ring-closing metathesis reactions used to prepare tetra-substituted cyclic olefins, and (b) cross-metathesis reactions used to prepare tri-substituted and di-substituted olefins.
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Method of preparing a supramolecular complex containing a therapeutic agent and a multi-dimensional polymer network (Wed, 21 May 2008)
A method of preparing a supramolecular complex containing at least one therapeutic agent and a multi-dimensional polymer network is described. A supramolecular complex prepared by a method of the invention is described. A method of treatment by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a supramolecular complex of the invention is also described. Such a supramolecular complex may be used as a delivery vehicle for various therapeutic agents.
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MODULAR APTAMER-REGULATED RIBOZYMES (Fri, 16 May 2008)
An extensible RNA-based framework for engineering ligand-controlled gene regulatory systems, called ribozyme switches, that exhibit tunable regulation, design modularity, and target specificity is provided. These switch platforms typically contain a sensor domain, comprised of an aptamer sequence, and an actuator domain, comprised of a hammerhead ribozyme sequence, A variety of modes of standardized information transmission between these domains can be employed, and this application demonstrates a mechanism that allows for the reliable and modular assembly of functioning synthetic hammerhead ribozyme switches and regulation of ribozyme activity in response to various effectors. In some embodiments aptamer-regulated cis-acting hammerhead ribozymes are provided.
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Magnetic resonance imaging agents for the detection of physiological agents (Wed, 09 Apr 2008)
The invention relates to novel magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents and methods of detecting physiological signals or substances.
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NON-METALLOCENE ORGANOMETALLIC COMPLEXES AND RELATED METHODS AND SYSTEMS (Fri, 28 Mar 2008)
A non-metallocene organometallic complex comprising a tridentate ligand and a metal bonded to a tridentate ligand, wherein two substituted aryl groups in the tridentate ligand are connected to a cyclic group at the ortho position via semi-rigid ring-ring linkages, and selected so to provide the resulting non-metallocene organometallic complex with a CS geometry, a C1 geometry, a C2 geometry or a C2v geometry. Method for performing olefin polymerization with a non-metallocene organometallic complex as a catalyst, related catalytic systems, tridentate ligand and method for providing a non-metallocene organometallic complex.
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Mitigation of artifacts in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging with magnetic susceptibility modified materials (Fri, 14 Mar 2008)
Materials suitable for medical and dental implants with magnetic susceptibility matched to surrounding environment to reduce artifacts in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Paramagnetic and diamagnetic materials may be added to ceramics and polymer resins to adjust magnetic susceptibility. Other embodiments are described and claimed.
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Emissive monomeric metal complexes (Fri, 14 Mar 2008)
Monomeric metal complexes having improved luminescence properties are provided. In one embodiment, a monomeric metal complex is represented by the formula [PN]M(L)2. PN is an amidophosphine ligand, and M may be any metal capable of exhibiting luminescent properties, for example, a d10 metal. L may be a tertiary phosphine. Alternatively, a second PN ligand or DPPE may take the place of both L ligands.
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APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF TARGET MOLECULES (Fri, 14 Mar 2008)
A nanoelectronic device for detecting target molecules is described. The device has an array of nanoscale wires serving as sensors of target molecules and electrical contacts, electrically contacting the nanowires at end regions of the nanoscale wires. The end regions are covered with an insulating material. The insulating material also defines a window region of the nanoscale wires, not covered by the insulating material. Probe molecules are located on the nanoscale wires along the window region. A microfluidic channel can also be provided, to allow flow of the target molecules. A method of fabricating the nanoelectronic device is also shown and described.
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Alkane Oxidation By Modified Hydroxylases (Fri, 07 Mar 2008)
This invention relates to modified hydroxylases. The invention further relates to cells expressing such modified hydroxylases and methods of producing hydroxylated alkanes by contacting a suitable substrate with such cells. 
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PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A HYDROCARBON (Fri, 29 Feb 2008)
A process for the production of a hydrocarbon which comprises contacting, in a reactor, methanol and/or dimethyl ether with a catalyst comprising a metal halide, such as a zinc halide, in which the methanol and/or dimethyl ether is contacted with the catalyst in the presence of at least one phosphorus compound having at least one P-H bond.
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SITE-SPECIFIC INCORPORATION OF AMINO ACIDS INTO MOLECULES (Fri, 22 Feb 2008)
The invention provides certain embodiments relating to methods and compositions for incorporating non-natural amino acids into a polypeptide or protein by utilizing a mutant or modified aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase to charge the non-natural amino acid to a the corresponding tRNA. In certain embodiments, the tRNA is also modified such that the complex forms strict Watson-Crick base-pairing with a codon that normally forms wobble base-pairing with unmodified tRNA/aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase pairs. 
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Imidazolidine-based metal carbene metathesis catalysts (Wed, 13 Feb 2008)
The present invention relates to novel metathesis catalysts with an imidazolidine-based ligand and to methods for making and using the same. The inventive catalysts are of the formula <chemistry id="chem-us-00001-en" num="00001"> <img id="emi-c00001-en" he="27.26mm" wi="18.20mm" file="US07329758-20080212-C00001.TIF" alt="embedded image" img-content="photograph" img-format="png"/> </chemistry> wherein: <ul id="ul0001-en" list-style="none"><li><ul id="ul0002-en" list-style="none"><li>M is ruthenium or osmium;</li><li>X and X1 are each independently an anionic ligand;</li><li>L is a neutral electron donor ligand; and,</li><li>R, R1 R6, R7, R8, and R9 are each independently hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, C2-C20 alkynyl, aryl, C1-C20 carboxylate, C1-C20 alkoxy, C2-C20 alkenyloxy, C2-C20 alkynyloxy, aryloxy, C2-C20 alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C20 alkylthiol, aryl thiol, C1-C20 alkylsulfonyl and C1-C20 alkylsulfinyl, the substituent optionally substituted with one or more moieties selected from the group consisting of C1-C10 alkyl, C1-C10 alkoxy, aryl, and a functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, thiol, thioether, ketone, aldehyde, ester, ether, amine, imine, amide, nitro, carboxylic acid, disulfide, carbonate, isocyanate, carbodiimide, carboalkoxy, carbamate, and halogen. The inclusion of an imidazolidine ligand to the previously described ruthenium or osmium catalysts has been found to dramatically improve the properties of these complexes. The inventive catalysts maintains the functional group tolerance of previously described ruthenium complexes while having enhanced metathesis activity that compares favorably to prior art tungsten and molybdenum systems.</li></ul></li></ul>
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FLUORESCENT BIOMOLECULE LABELING REAGENTS (Fri, 08 Feb 2008)
The invention describes fluorescent biomolecule labeling reagents (I-SHark and phI-SHark) and their model compounds. Further described are methods of preparing and using the same.
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METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR SELECTIVE FLUORINATION OF ORGANIC MOLECULES (Fri, 08 Feb 2008)
A method and system for selectively fluorinating organic molecules on a target site wherein the target site is activated and then fluorinated are shown together with a method and system for identifying a molecule having a biological activity.
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Overexpression of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases for efficient production of engineered proteins containing amino acid analogues (Fri, 01 Feb 2008)
Methods for producing modified polypeptides containing amino acid analogues are disclosed. The invention further provides purified dihydrofolate reductase polypeptides, produced by the methods of the invention, in which the methionine residues have been replaced with homoallylglycine, homoproparglycine, norvaline, norleucine, cis-crotylglycine, trans-crotylglycine, 2-aminoheptanoic acid, 2-butynylglycine and allylglycine.
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MULTIPLEX Q-PCR ARRAYS (Fri, 01 Feb 2008)
This invention provides methods and systems for measuring the concentration of multiple nucleic acid sequences in a sample. The nucleic acid sequences in the sample are simultaneously amplified, for example, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the presence of an array of nucleic acid probes. The amount of amplicon corresponding to the multiple nucleic acid sequences can be measured in real-time during or after each cycle using a real-time microarray. The measured amount of amplicon produced can be used to determine the original amount of the nucleic acid sequences in the sample.
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IDENTIFICATION OF A RECEPTOR CONTROLLING MIGRATION AND METASTASIS OF SKIN CANCER CELLS (Fri, 18 Jan 2008)
The invention relates generally to genes expressed in skin cancer cells, particularly melanoma tumor cells, and their role in migration and metastasis. Methods for identifying melanoma cells are provided, as are methods of treating melanoma. Methods for identifying compounds that are useful in the treatment of melanoma are also provided. 
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Bremsstrahlung laser (“blaser”) (Fri, 11 Jan 2008)
A light generating system that comprises a narrow evacuated slot defined between at least two high index contrast waveguide elements. The apparatus can be fabricated using a material such as a SOI wafer having an oxide layer thickness of the order of 1 micron and a top silicon layer thickness of the order of 100-150 nm. Electrode contacts are provided to at least two waveguide elements fabricated in the top silicon layer, each waveguide element having a thickness comparable to the top silicon layer thickness, a width of some hundreds of nm, and having a slot having dimensions in the range of 50-200 nm defined therebetween. The length of the slot is at least as long as the slot width. Charged particles, such as electrons, that are emitted and accelerated across the slot by an applied electrical signal provide a source of photons as a consequence of being accelerated and/or decelerated.
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Frequency conversion with nonlinear optical polymers and high index contrast waveguides (Fri, 04 Jan 2008)
Systems and methods for manipulating light with high index contrast waveguides clad with substances having that exhibit large nonlinear electro-optic constants χ2 and χ3. Waveguides fabricated on SOI wafers and clad with electro-optic polymers are described. Embodiments of waveguides having slots, electrical contacts, and input waveguide couplers are discussed. Waveguides having closed loop structures (such as rings and ovals) as well as linear or serpentine waveguides, are described. Optical signal processing methods, such as optical rectification and optical modulation, are disclosed.
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REAL TIME MICRO ARRAYS (Fri, 14 Dec 2007)
This invention provides methods and systems for measuring the binding of analytes in solution to probes bound to surfaces in real-time.
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Organometallic ruthenium complexes and related methods for the preparation of tetra-substituted and other hindered olefins (Fri, 07 Dec 2007)
The invention relates to ruthenium alkylidene complexes having an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand comprising a 5-membered heterocyclic ring having a carbenic carbon atom and at least one nitrogen atom contained within the 5-membered heterocyclic ring, wherein the nitrogen atom is directly attached to the carbenic carbon atom and is substituted by a phenyl ring, and wherein the phenyl ring has a hydrogen at either or both ortho positions and is substituted at at least one ortho or meta position. The invention also relates to an olefin metathesis reactions and particularly to the preparation of tetra-substituted cyclic olefins via a ring-closing metathesis.
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Lenses capable of post-fabrication power modification (Fri, 09 Nov 2007)
The present invention relates to lenses that are capable of post-fabrication power modifications. In general, the inventive lenses comprise (i) a first polymer matrix and (ii) a refraction modulating composition that is capable of stimulus-induced polymerization dispersed therein. When at least a portion of the lens is exposed to an appropriate stimulus, the refraction modulating composition forms a second polymer matrix. The amount and location of the second polymer matrix may modify a lens characteristic such as lens power by changing its refractive index and/or by altering its shape. The inventive lenses have a number of applications in the electronics and medical fields as data storage means and as medical lenses, particularly intraocular lenses, respectively.
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FLUORINATION OF MULTI-LAYERED CARBON NANOMATERIALS (Fri, 09 Nov 2007)
The invention provides fluorinated multilayered carbon nanomaterials and methods for their production. In an alternative embodime the carbon nanomaterials are partially fluorinated and retain some unreacted carbon. The invention also provides for incorporating these nanomaterials into lithium battery electrodes.
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ELECTROCHEMICAL THERMODYNAMIC MEASUREMENT SYSTEM (Fri, 19 Oct 2007)
The present invention provides systems (100) and methods for accurately characterizing thermodynamic and materials properties of electrodes and electrochemical energy storage (1 15) and conversion systems Systems and methods of the present invention are capable of simultaneously collecting a suite of measurements (110) characterizing a plurality of interconnected electrochemical and thermodynamic parameters relating to the electrode reaction state of advancement, voltage (130) and temperature Enhanced sensitivity provided by the present methods and systems combined with measurement conditions that reflect thermodynamically stabilized electrode conditions allow very accurate measurement of thermodynamic parameters, including state functions such as the Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy of electrode/electrochemical cell reactions, that enable prediction of important performance attributes of electrode materials and electrochemical systems, such as the energy, power density, current rate and the cycle life of an electrochemical cell (115)
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Apparatus and method for two-and three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging using ferromagnetic spheres (Fri, 12 Oct 2007)
Systems and methods for obtaining two- and three-dimensional magnetic resonance images by using azimuthally symmetric dipolar magnetic fields from magnetic spheres. A complete two- or three-dimensional structured rendering of a sample can be obtained without the motion of the sample relative to the sphere. Magnetic spheres in the range of 100 μm and 100 nm are used with samples that are approximately one-tenth as large as the magnetic sphere. Sequential positioning of the integrated sample-sphere system in an external magnetic field at various angular orientations provides all the required imaging slices for successful computerized tomographic image reconstruction. The requirement to scan the sample relative to the magnetic tip is eliminated. Resolutions approaching atomic dimensions are expected to be obtained. 
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Fluorination of multi-layered carbon nanomaterials (Fri, 05 Oct 2007)
The invention provides fluorinated multi-layered carbon nanomaterials and methods for their production. In one aspect of the invention, the carbon nanomaterials are partially fluorinated and retain some unreacted carbon. The invention also provides electrodes and electrochemical devices incorporating the fluorinated carbon nanomaterials of the invention. In one aspect of the invention, the electrochemical has a first electrode including the at least partially fluorinated carbon materials of the invention and a second electrode including a source of lithium ions.
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Electrochemistry of carbon subfluorides (Fri, 05 Oct 2007)
Subfluorinated carbonaceous materials obtained through direct fluorination of graphite or coke particles are provided. One set of subfluorinated carbonaceous materials has an average chemical composition CFx in which 0.63<x≦0.95, 0.66<x≦0.95 or 0.7<x≦0.95. The subfluorinated carbonaceous materials are capable of electrochemical performance superior to commercial CF at relatively high rates of discharge.
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Compounds and methods for nucleic acid mismatch detection (Fri, 28 Sep 2007)
In accordance with the present invention there are provided sterically demanding intercalators. These compounds are useful for detection of a base-pair mismatch, such as by measuring fluorescence of complexes formed by the compounds of the invention and nucleic acid duplexes. The compounds are also capable of catalyzing photolytic cleavage of nucleic acids.
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SITE-SPECIFIC INCORPORATION OF AMINO ACIDS INTO MOLECULES (Fri, 14 Sep 2007)
The invention provides certain embodiments relating to methods and compositions for incorporating non-natural amino acids into a polypeptid or protein by utilizing a mutant or modified aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase to charge the non-natural amino acid to a the corresponding tRNA. In certain embodiments, the tRNA is also modified such that the complex forms strict Watson-Crick base-pairing with a codon that normally forms wobble base- pairing with unmodified tRNA/aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase pairs.
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ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF CARBON SUBFLUORIDES (Fri, 31 Aug 2007)
Subfluorinated carbonaceous materials obtained through direct fluorination of graphite or coke particles are provided. One set of subfluorinated carbonaceous materials has an average chemical composition CFx in which 0.63<x ≤0.95, 0.66<x ≤0.95 or 0.7<x ≤0.95. The subfluorinated carbonaceous materials are capable of electrochemical performance superior to commercial CF at relatively high rates of discharge.
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Electrochemical thermodynamic measurement system (Fri, 10 Aug 2007)
The present invention provides systems and methods for accurately characterizing thermodynamic and materials properties of electrodes and electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems. Systems and methods of the present invention are configured for simultaneously collecting a suite of measurements characterizing a plurality of interconnected electrochemical and thermodynamic parameters relating to the electrode reaction state of advancement, voltage and temperature. Enhanced sensitivity provided by the present methods and systems combined with measurement conditions that reflect thermodynamically stabilized electrode conditions allow very accurate measurement of thermodynamic parameters, including state functions such as the Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy of electrode/electrochemical cell reactions, that enable prediction of important performance attributes of electrode materials and electrochemical systems, such as the energy, power density, current rate and the cycle life of an electrochemical cell.
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COMPOUNDS AND METHODS FOR NUCLEIC ACID MISMATCH DETECTION (Fri, 27 Jul 2007)
In accordance with the present invention there are provided sterically demanding intercalators. These compounds are useful for detection of a base-pair mismatch, such as by measuring fluorescence of complexes formed by the compounds of the invention and nucleic acid duplexes. The compounds are also capable of catalyzing photolytic cleavage of nucleic acids.
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TWO- AND THREE- DIMENSIONAL MRI INVOLVING A FERROMAGNETIC SPHERE FIXEDLY ATTACHED TO THE SAMPLE (Fri, 20 Jul 2007)
Systems and methods for obtaining two- and three-dimensional magnetic resonance images by using azimuthally symmetric dipolar magnetic fields from magnetic spheres . A complete two- or three- dimensional structured rendering of a sample can be obtained without the motion of the sample relative to the sphere. Magnetic spheres in the range of 100 μm and 100 nm are used with samples that are approximately one-tenth as large as the magnetic sphere . Sequential positioning of the integrated sample-sphere system in an external magnetic field being much larger than the magnetic field of the sphere (e.g. 10T) at various angular orientations provides all the required imaging slices for successful computerized tomographic image reconstruction. The requirement to scan the sample relative to the magnetic tip is eliminated. Resolutions approaching atomic dimensions are expected to be obtained.
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Cross-metathesis reaction of functionalized and substituted olefins using group 8 transition metal carbene complexes as metathesis catalysts (Fri, 06 Jul 2007)
The invention pertains to the use of Group 8 transition metal carbene complexes as catalysts for olefin cross-metathesis reactions. In particular, ruthenium and osmium alkylidene complexes substituted with an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand are used to catalyze cross-metathesis reactions to provide a variety of substituted and functionalized olefins, including phosphonate-substituted olefins, directly halogenated olefins, 1,1,2-trisubstituted olefins, and quaternary allylic olefins. The invention further provides a method for creating functional diversity using the aforementioned complexes to catalyze cross-metathesis reactions of a first olefinic reactant, which may or may not be substituted with a functional group, with each of a plurality of different olefinic reactants, which may or may not be substituted with functional groups, to give a plurality of structurally distinct olefinic products. The methodology of the invention is also useful in facilitating the stereoselective synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted olefins in the cis configuration. 
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ORGANOMETALLIC RUTHENIUM COMPLEXES AND RELATED METHODS FOR THE PREPARATION OF TETRA-SUBSTITUTED AND OTHER HINDERED OLEFINS (Fri, 06 Jul 2007)
The invention relates to ruthenium alkylidene complexes having an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand comprising a 5-membered heterocyclic ring having a carbenic carbon atom and at least one nitrogen atom contained within the 5-membered heterocyclic ring, wherein the nitrogen atom is directly attached to the carbenic carbon atom and is substituted by a phenyl ring, and wherein the phenyl ring has a hydrogen at either or both ortho positions and is substituted and at least one orthq or meta position. The invention also relates to an olefin metathesis reactions and particularly to the preparation of tetra-substituted cyclic olefins via a ring-closing metathesis.
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Complexing agents for compositions containing inclusion complexes (Fri, 08 Jun 2007)
The invention provides a composition containing particulate composite of a polymer and a therapeutic agent. The composition also contains a complexing agent. The polymer interacts with the complexing agent in a host-guest or a guest-host interaction to form an inclusion complex. A therapeutic composition of the invention may be used to deliver the therapeutic agent and to treat various disorders. Both the polymer of the particulate composite and the complexing agent may be used to introduce functionality into the therapeutic composition. The invention also relates to a method of preparing a composition. The method combines a therapeutic agent, a polymer having host or guest functionality, and a complexing agent having guest or host functionality to form the therapeutic composition. The complexing agent forms an inclusion complex with the polymer. The invention also relates to a method of delivering a therapeutic agent. According to the method, a therapeutically effective amount of a therapeutic composition of the invention is administered to a mammal (e.g. person or animal) in recognized need of the therapeutic. Also disclosed are compounds having the formula: <chemistry id="CHEM-US-00001" num="00001"> <img id="EMI-C00001" he="40.72mm" wi="73.83mm" file="US07968123-20110628-C00001.TIF" alt="embedded image" img-content="chem" img-format="tif"/> </chemistry> 
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Detection of biomolecules by sensitizer-linked substrates (Fri, 18 May 2007)
Methods and compositions for detecting and characterizing target biomolecules using sensitizer-linked substrate molecules are disclosed. High throughput screening assays and therapeutic applications of the inventions are also included. 
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MICROFABRICATED ELASTOMERIC VALVE AND PUMP SYSTEMS (Fri, 16 Mar 2007)
A method of fabricating an elastomeric structure, comprising: forming a first elastomeric layer on top of a first micromachined mold, the first micromachined mold having a first raised protrusion which forms a first recess extending along a bottom surface of the first elastomeric layer; forming a second elastomeric layer on top of a second micromachined mold, the second micromachined mold having a second raised protrusion which forms a second recess extending along a bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer; bonding the bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer onto a top surface of the first elastomeric layer such that a control channel forms in the second recess between the first and second elastomeric layers; and positioning the first elastomeric layer on top of a planar substrate such that a flow channel forms in the first recess between the first elastomeric layer and the planar substrate. 
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MICROFABRICATED ELASTOMERIC VALVE AND PUMP SYSTEMS (Fri, 09 Mar 2007)

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SPECTRAL-SCANNING MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (Fri, 16 Feb 2007)
Spectral scanning magnetic resonance imaging methods and systems. In preferred methods and systems of the invention, to measure the resonance spectrum of the target object (18), a plurality of excitation signals in different frequencies and/or waveform shapes are introduced simultaneously to the imaging volume through one or more excitation coils (12,12a), and the response spectrum is measured also in real-time and/or after excitation. Systems of the invention can be compact and portable, with small magnets (10) providing the deterministic inhomogeneous magnetic field. Preferred embodiments include integrated circuit transmitters (22) and receivers (20). Preferred systems of the invention are suitable, for example, for point of care medical diagnostics.
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Apparatus and method for detecting optical radiation (Fri, 12 Jan 2007)
Methods and devices for low power optical detection and modulation in a slotted waveguide geometry filled with nonlinear electro-optic polymers are shown. Direct conversion of optical energy to electrical energy is enabled without external bias, via optical rectification, also enhancing electro-optic modulation.
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Frequency conversion with nonlinear optical polymers and high index contrast waveguides (Fri, 29 Dec 2006)
Systems and methods for manipulating light with high index contrast waveguides clad with substances having that exhibit large nonlinear electro-optic constants χ2 and χ3. Waveguides fabricated on SOI wafers and clad with electro-optic polymers are described. Embodiments of waveguides having slots, electrical contacts, and input waveguide couplers are discussed. Waveguides having closed loop structures (such as rings and ovals) as well as linear or serpentine waveguides, are described. Optical signal processing methods, such as optical rectification and optical modulation, are disclosed.
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Microfabricated elastomeric valve and pump systems (Wed, 06 Dec 2006)
A method of fabricating an elastomeric structure, comprising: forming a first elastomeric layer on top of a first micromachined mold, the first micromachined mold having a first raised protrusion which forms a first recess extending along a bottom surface of the first elastomeric layer; forming a second elastomeric layer on top of a second micromachined mold, the second micromachined mold having a second raised protrusion which forms a second recess extending along a bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer; bonding the bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer onto a top surface of the first elastomeric layer such that a control channel forms in the second recess between the first and second elastomeric layers; and positioning the first elastomeric layer on top of a planar substrate such that a flow channel forms in the first recess between the first elastomeric layer and the planar substrate.
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HIGH VOLTAGE AND HIGH SPECIFIC CAPACITY DUAL INTERCALATING ELECTRODE LI-ION BATTERIES (Fri, 01 Dec 2006)
High capacity and high voltage Li-ion batteries that have a carbonaceous cathode and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution comprising LiF salt and an anion receptor that binds the fluoride ion. The batteries can comprise dual intercalating electrode Li ion batteries. Methods of the present invention use a cathode and electrode pair, wherein each of the electrodes reversibly intercalate ions provided by a LiF salt to make a high voltage and high specific capacity dual intercalating electrode Li-ion battery. The present methods and systems provide high capacity batteries particularly useful in powering devices where minimizing battery mass is important.
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LINEAR CYCLODEXTRIN COPOLYMERS, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THE SAME AND METHODS FOR THE PREPARATION THEREOF (Wed, 01 Nov 2006)

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High metathesis activity ruthenium and osmium metal carbene complexes (Fri, 27 Oct 2006)
Ruthenium and osmium carbene compounds that are stable in the presence of a variety of functional groups and can be used to catalyze olefin metathesis reactions on unstrained cyclic and acyclic olefins are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of making the carbene compounds. The carbene compounds are of the formula <chemistry id="chem-us-00001-en" num="00001"> <img id="emi-c00001-en" he="13.29mm" wi="16.43mm" file="US07288666-20071030-C00001.TIF" alt="embedded image" img-content="chem" img-format="tif"/> </chemistry> where M is Os or Ru; R<1> is hydrogen; R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted aryl; X and X<1> are independently selected from any anionic ligand; and L and L<1> are independently selected from any neutral electron donor. The ruthenium and osmium carbene compounds of the present invention may be synthesized using diazo compounds, by neutral electron donor ligand exchange, by cross metathesis, using acetylene, using cumulated olefins, and in a one-pot method using diazo compounds and neutral electron donors. The ruthenium and osmium carbene compounds of the present invention may be used to catalyze olefin metathesis reactions including, but not limited to, ROMP, RCM, depolymerization of unsaturated polymers, synthesis of telechelic polymers, and olefin synthesis. 
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ALKANE OXIDATION BY MODIFIED HYDROXYLASES (Fri, 06 Oct 2006)
This invention relates to modified hydroxylases. The invention further relates to cells expressing such modified hydroxylases and methods of producing hydroxylated alkanes by contacting a suitable substrate with such cells.
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WATER TREATMENT BY DENDRIMER-ENHANCED FILTRATION (Fri, 15 Sep 2006)
Described herein are compositions and methods useful for the purification of water using dendritic macromolecules. The process involves using dendritic macromolecules (dendrimers) to bind to contaminants, and a filtration step to produce water from which contaminants have been removed or modified. Examples of dendrimers that may be used in the process include cation-binding dendrimers, anion-binding dendrimers, organic compound-binding dendrimers, redox-active dendrimers, biological compound-binding dendrimers, catalytic dendrimers, biocidal dendrimers, viral-binding dendrimers, multi-functional dendrimers, and combinations thereof. The process is readily scalable and provides many options for customization .
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Detection of biomolecules by sensitizer-linked substrates (Wed, 13 Sep 2006)
Methods and compositions for detecting and characterizing target biomolecules using sensitizer-linked substrate molecules are disclosed. High throughput screening assays and therapeutic applications of the inventions are also included <chemistry id="chem-us-00001-en" num="00001"> <img id="emi-c00001-en" he="100.50mm" wi="74.85mm" file="US07105310-20060912-C00001.TIF" alt="embedded image" img-content="chem" img-format="tif"/> </chemistry> 
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Enantioselective alpha-fluorination of aldehydes using chiral organic catalysts (Fri, 25 Aug 2006)
Nonmetallic, chiral organic catalysts are used to catalyze enantioselective fluorination of enolizable aldehydes. Reaction systems composed of an enolizable aldehyde, an electrophilic fluorination reagent, and a nonmetallic chiral catalyst in the form of an imidazolidinone salt are also provided.
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Compositions containing inclusion complexes (Fri, 18 Aug 2006)
The invention provides a composition containing particulate composite of a polymer and a therapeutic agent. The composition also contains a complexing agent. The polymer interacts with the complexing agent in a host-guest or a guest-host interaction to form an inclusion complex. A therapeutic composition of the invention may be used to deliver the therapeutic agent and to treat various disorders. Both the polymer of the particulate composite and the complexing agent may be used to introduce functionality into the therapeutic composition. The invention also relates to a method of preparing a composition. The method combines a therapeutic agent, a polymer having host or guest functionality, and a complexing agent having guest or host functionality to form the therapeutic composition. The complexing agent forms an inclusion complex with the polymer. The invention also relates to a method of delivering a therapeutic agent. According to the method, a therapeutically effective amount of a therapeutic composition of the invention is administered to a mammal (e.g. person or animal) in recognized need of the therapeutic. Also disclosed are compounds having the formula: <chemistry id="chem-us-00001-en" num="00001"> <img id="emi-c00001-en" he="27.86mm" wi="53.09mm" file="US07807198-20101005-C00001.TIF" alt="embedded image" img-content="chem" img-format="tif"/> </chemistry> 
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Linear cyclodextrin copolymers (Wed, 16 Aug 2006)
Linear cyclodextrin copolymers and linear oxidized cyclodextrin copolymers containing an unoxidized and/or an oxidized cyclodextrin moiety integrated into the polymer backbone are described. Methods of preparing such copolymers are also described. The linear cyclodextrin copolymer and linear oxidized cyclodextrin copolymer of the invention may be used as a delivery vehicle of various therapeutic agents.
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Methods of inducing neuronal growth by a Fucose-α(1-2) galactose (fuc-α(1-2) gal) moiety and a lectin (Fri, 11 Aug 2006)
Fucose galactose carbohydrates have been shown to induce neuronal outgrowth. The invention includes methods of inducing neuronal outgrowth using carbohydrates, assemblies, and polymers bearing fucose-galactose moieties, as well as associated proteins. Cell growth can be stimulated in cells in culture or in cells within an animal or patient. Growth stimulation has application to understanding and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases including, for example, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis and conditions such as stroke, brain injury and spinal cord injury. Such compounds, polymers, and assemblies also can be used to increase neural stem or progenitor cells in culture or in an animal, and to enervate engineered tissue.
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Computational method for designing enzymes for incorporation of amino acid analogs into proteins (Fri, 11 Aug 2006)
The instant invention provides methods, reagents, and computational tools for designing non-natural substrate analogs for enzymes, especially for designing unnatural amino acid analogs for aminoacyl tRNA Synthetases (AARSs), such as the Phe tRNA Synthetase. The instant invention also provides methods to incorporate unnatural amino acid analogs, especially those with interesting functional groups, into protein products to generate proteins of modified or novel functions. 
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Telechelic alkadiene polymers with crosslinkable end groups and methods for making the same (Fri, 11 Aug 2006)
 The present invention relates to telechelic polymers having crosslinkable end groups of the formula <chemistry id="chem-us-00001-en" num="1"><img id="emi-c00001" he="6.86mm" wi="30.56mm" file="US20060178493A1-20060810-C00001.TIF" alt="embedded image" img-content="chem" img-format="tif"/></chemistry> and methods for preparing the same wherein n is an integer; <chemistry id="chem-us-00002-en" num="2"><img id="emi-c00002" he="4.40mm" wi="17.70mm" file="US20060178493A1-20060810-C00002.TIF" alt="embedded image" img-content="chem" img-format="tif"/></chemistry> is an alkadienyl group; Y is an alkyl group; and Z is crosslinkable end group. In general, the inventive synthesis involves reacting a functionalized chain transfer agent having crosslinkable ends with a cycloalkene in the presence of a ruthenium or osmium catalyst of the formula <chemistry id="chem-us-00003-en" num="3"><img id="emi-c00003" he="13.21mm" wi="18.54mm" file="US20060178493A1-20060810-C00003.TIF" alt="embedded image" img-content="chem" img-format="tif"/></chemistry> wherein: M is ruthenium or osmium; <ul id="ul0001-en" list-style="none"><li>X and X1 are independently any anionic ligand; </li><li>L and L1 are any neutral electron donor ligand; R and R1 are each hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted substituent wherein the substituent is selected from the group consisting of C1-C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, C2-C20 alkynyl, aryl, C1-C20 carboxylate, C1-C20 alkoxy, C1-C20 alkenyloxy, C2-C20 alkynyloxy, aryloxy, C2-C20 alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C20 alkylthio, C1-C20 alkylsulfonyl and C1-C20 alkylsulfinyl. In another aspect of the invention, methods for controlling the molecular weight of the resulting telechelic polymer are also presented. </li></ul>
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Design, synthesis and use of specific polyamide DNA-binding ligands (Wed, 09 Aug 2006)
The invention encompasses improved selective polyamides for binding to specific nucleotide sequences of double stranded DNA as well as methods for designing and synthesizing polyamide DNA binding ligands that are selective for an identified specific nucleotide sequence. The 3-hydroxy-N-methylpyrrole/N-methylpyrrole carboxamide pair specifically recognizes the T•A base pair, while the N-methylpyrrole/3-hydroxy-N-methylpyrrole pair recognizes A•T nucleotide pairs. Similarly, an N-methylimidizole/N-methylpyrrole carboxamide pair specifically recognizes the G•C nucleotide pair, and the N-methylpyrrole/N-methylimidizole carboxamide pair recognizes the C•G nucleotide pair.
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Hydride reduction of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds using chiral organic catalysts (Fri, 21 Jul 2006)
Nonmetallic, chiral organic catalysts are used to catalyze the 1,4-hydride reduction of an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound. The α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound may be an aldehyde or cyclic ketone, and the hydride donor may be a dihydropyridine. The reaction is enantioselective, and proceeds with a variety of hydride donors, catalysts, and substrates. The invention also provides compositions effective in carrying out the 1,4-hydride addition of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds.
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DEGRADABLE P0LYMERS AND METHODS OF PREPARATION THEREOF (Fri, 30 Jun 2006)
The present invention provides polymers which substantially degrade in the presence of one or more triggers, preferably light energy or hydrogen peroxide, but does not substantially degrade in the absence of one or more triggers.
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COP protein design tool (Fri, 09 Jun 2006)
The instant invention provides methods and implementing computer software for designing mutant proteins (or “Target Protein or TP”) that will preferentially bind one list of prespecified ligands (Active Ligands or AL) with respect to another list of ligands (The Inactive Ligands or IL). 
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METHOD FOR DETERMINING THREE-DIMENSIONAL PROTEIN STRUCTURE FROM PRIMARY PROTEIN SEQUENCE (Sat, 27 May 2006)
The methods of the invention relate to improved methods for determining the optimal sequence alignments between a first protein sequence and a second protein sequence based upon the information from multiple reference structure-structure alignments.
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Stereochemical control of the DNA binding affinity, sequence specificity, and orientation-preference of chiral hairpin polyamides in the minor groove (Wed, 24 May 2006)
This invention provides improved polyamides comprising a hairpin loop derived from γ-aminobutyric acid which bind to the minor groove of a promoter regions of a DNA sequence. Binding of the polyamide to the DNA sequence of the promoter region inhibits expression of the requisite gene. The improvement relates to the use of R-2,4-diaminobutyric acid and derivatives of the 2-amino group to form the hairpin loop. The improved asymmetric hairpin provides for tighter binding of the polyamides to the minor groove of DNA and additionally provides an amine function for derivatizing polyamides by, for example, forming amide linkages. Such derivatives may serve to attach detectable labels to the polyamide.
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COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR TREATING CANCER USING COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING AN INHIBITOR OF ENDOTHELIN RECEPTOR ACTIVITY (Fri, 12 May 2006)
Elevated ETRB activity, BCL-2A1 activity and/or PARP-3 activity was detected in cancer cells, and determined to be associated with growth and proliferation of the cancer cells. Accordingly, methods are provided for treating cancer by reducing or inhibiting the ETRB activity, BCL-2A1 activity and/or PARP-3 activity. Also provided are methods of determining the responsiveness of cancer cells to treatment with inhibitors of ETRB activity, BCL-2A1 activity and/or PARP-3 activity. Further, decreased cell viability was observed to correlate with reduction in ETRB expression, and reduction in ETRB protein levels by siRNA led to an increase in cell death.
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Enantioselective, catalytic allylation of ketones and olefins (Fri, 21 Apr 2006)
Compounds containing a substituted or unsubstituted allyl group directly bound to a chiral carbon atom are prepared enantioselectively. Starting reactants are either chiral or achiral, and may or may not contain an attached allyloxycarbonyl group as a substituent. Chiral ligands are employed, along with transition metal catalysts. The methods of the invention are effective in providing enantioconvergent allylation of chiral molecules.
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Use of ionic liquids as coordination ligands for organometallic catalysts (Fri, 31 Mar 2006)
Aspects of the present invention relate to compositions and methods for the use of ionic liquids with dissolved metal compounds as catalysts for a variety of chemical reactions. Ionic liquids are salts that generally are liquids at room temperature, and are capable of dissolving a many types of compounds that are relatively insoluble in aqueous or organic solvent systems. Specifically, ionic liquids may dissolve metal compounds to produce homogeneous and heterogeneous organometallic catalysts. One industrially-important chemical reaction that may be catalyzed by metal-containing ionic liquid catalysts is the conversion of methane to methanol.
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USE OF IONIC LIQUIDS AS COORDINATION LIGANDS FOR ORGANOMETALLIC CATALYSTS (Fri, 31 Mar 2006)
Aspects of the present invention relate to compositions and methods for the use of ionic liquids with dissolved metal compounds as catalysts for a variety of chemical reactions. Ionic liquids are salts that generally are liquids at room temperature, and are capable of dissolving a many types of compounds that are relatively insoluble in aqueous or organic solvent systems. Specifically, ionic liquids may dissolve metal compounds to produce homogeneous and heterogeneous organometallic catalysts. One industrially-important chemical reaction that may be catalyzed by metal-containing ionic liquid catalysts is the conversion of methane to methanol.
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Method of forming a via in a microfabricated elastomer structure (Fri, 17 Mar 2006)
A method of fabricating an elastomeric structure, comprising: forming a first elastomeric layer on top of a first micromachined mold, the first micromachined mold having a first raised protrusion which forms a first recess extending along a bottom surface of the first elastomeric layer; forming a second elastomeric layer on top of a second micromachined mold, the second micromachined mold having a second raised protrusion which forms a second recess extending along a bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer; bonding the bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer onto a top surface of the first elastomeric layer such that a control channel forms in the second recess between the first and second elastomeric layers; and positioning the first elastomeric layer on top of a planar substrate such that a flow channel forms in the first recess between the first elastomeric layer and the planar substrate.
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Sensor arrays for detecting analytes in fluids (Fri, 17 Feb 2006)
The disclosure provides methods, apparatuses and expert systems for detecting analytes in fluids. The apparatuses include a chemical sensor comprising first and second conductive elements (e.g. electrical leads) electrically coupled to and separated by a sensing area comprising a chemically sensitive resistor which provides an electrical path between the conductive elements. 
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Water treatment by dendrimer enhanced filtration (Fri, 03 Feb 2006)
Described herein are compositions and methods useful for the purification of water using dendritic macromolecules. The process involves using dendritic macromolecules (dendrimers) to bind to contaminants, and a filtration step to produce water from which contaminants have been removed or modified. Examples of dendrimers that may be used in the process include cation-binding dendrimers, anion-binding dendrimers, organic compound-binding dendrimers, redox-active dendrimers, biological compound-binding dendrimers, catalytic dendrimers, biocidal dendrimers, viral-binding dendrimers, multi-functional dendrimers, and combinations thereof. The process is readily scalable and provides many options for customization.
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Small molecule stimulators of neuronal growth (Fri, 03 Feb 2006)
Provided herein are small molecule stimulators of neuronal growth, their preparation, and their use for treatment of neurological disorders. In one embodiment, provided herein are methods of treatment, prevention, or amelioration of a variety of medical conditions associated with neurological disorders using the compounds and compositions provided herein.
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DNA-binding polymers (Fri, 20 Jan 2006)
Methods and compositions are provided for forming complexes between dsDNA and novel DNA-binding polymers comprising N-terminal thiophene-containing moieties which exhibit selectivity for T-A base pairs. By appropriate choice of target sequences and DNA-binding polymers, complexes comprising polymer-DNA are obtained with high association constants. The formation of complexes can be used for identification of specific dsDNA sequences, for inhibiting gene transcription, and as a therapeutic for inhibiting proliferation of undesired cells or modulation of expression of specific genes.
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LENSES CAPABLE OF POST-FABRICATION POWER MODIFICATION (Mon, 16 Jan 2006)

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Methods of incorporating amino acid analogs into proteins (Fri, 30 Dec 2005)
The invention provides a method of incorporating nonstandard amino acids into a protein by utilizing a modified aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase to charge the nonstandard amino acid to a modified tRNA, which forms strict Watson-Crick base-pairing with a codon that normally forms wobble base-pairing with natural tRNAs. 
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Zeolite films for low k applications (Fri, 23 Dec 2005)
A method is provided for making an integrated circuit dielectric. A structure-directing agent (SDA) is provided. Preferably this structure-directing agent is a salt of a polycyclic organic compound. By use of the structure-directing agent, a film of a zeolite having a framework density below 15 T atoms per 1000 cubic angstroms and comprising primarily silicon and/or germanium atoms in the T positions is provided on a semiconductor substrate. Preferably the zeolite has the LTA structure. The structure-directing agent is removed from the film. The removal may be effected, for example, by heating or by chemically and/or photochemically decomposing the structure-directing agent, preferably in a manner which allows it to be recovered. The film is then optionally modified to reduce its hydrophilicity.
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BIODEGRADABLE DRUG-POLYMER DELIVERY SYSTEM (Fri, 23 Dec 2005)
A sustained-release biodegradable polymeric drug-eluting fiber is disclosed. In some embodiments, the therapeutic drug is complexed with cyclodextrin. In certain embodiments, the polymeric component of the fiber comprises cyclodextrin. The fiber may be fabricated to provide a thread and/or suture. The fiber may be used for treatment of ocular diseases or disorders.
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Biodegradable drug-polymer delivery system (Fri, 16 Dec 2005)
A sustained-release biodegradable polymeric drug-eluting fiber is disclosed. In some embodiments, the therapeutic drug is complexed with cyclodextrin. In certain embodiments, the polymeric component of the fiber comprises cyclodextrin. The fiber may be fabricated to provide a thread and/or suture. The fiber may be used for treatment of ocular diseases or disorders.
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SMALL MOLECULE STIMULATORS OF NEURONAL GROWTH (Fri, 16 Dec 2005)
Provided herein are small molecule stimulators of neuronal growth, their preparation, and their use for treatment of neurological disorders. In one embodiment, provided herein are methods of treatment, prevention, or amelioration of a variety of medical conditions associated with neurological disorders using the compounds and compositions provided herein.
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Latent, high-activity olefin metathesis catalysts containing an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand (Fri, 25 Nov 2005)
The invention provides novel organometallic complexes useful as olefin metathesis catalysts. The complexes have an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand and a chelating carbene ligand associated with a Group 8 transition metal center. The molecular structure of the complexes can be altered so as to provide a substantial latency period. The complexes are particularly useful in catalyzing ring closing metathesis of acyclic olefins and ring opening metathesis polymerization of cyclic olefins. 
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ZEOLITE FILMS FOR LOW K APPLICATIONS (Fri, 18 Nov 2005)
A method is provided for making an integrated circuit dielectric. A structure-directing agent (SDA) is provided. Preferably this structure-directing agent is a salt of a polycyclic organic compound. By use of the structure-directing agent, a film of a zeolite having a framework density below 15 T atoms per 1000 cubic angstroms and comprising primarily silicon and/or germanium atoms in the T positions is provided on a semiconductor substrate. Preferably the zeolite has the LTA structure. The structure-directing agent is removed from the film. The removal may be effected, for example, by heating or by chemically and/or photochemically decomposing the structure-directing agent, preferably in a manner which allows it to be recovered. The film is then optionally modified to reduce its hydrophilicity.
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Microfabricated elastomeric valve and pump systems (Fri, 14 Oct 2005)
A method of fabricating an elastomeric structure, comprising: forming a first elastomeric layer on top of a first micromachined mold, the first micromachined mold having a first raised protrusion which forms a first recess extending along a bottom surface of the first elastomeric layer; forming a second elastomeric layer on top of a second micromachined mold, the second micromachined mold having a second raised protrusion which forms a second recess extending along a bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer; bonding the bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer onto a top surface of the first elastomeric layer such that a control channel forms in the second recess between the first and second elastomeric layers; and positioning the first elastomeric layer on top of a planar substrate such that a flow channel forms in the first recess between the first elastomeric layer and the planar substrate. 
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LATENT, HIGH-ACTIVITY OLEFIN METATHESIS CATALYSTS CONTAINING AN N-HETEROCYCLIC CARBENE LIGAND (Fri, 14 Oct 2005)
The invention provides novel organometallic complexes useful as olefin metathesis catalysts. The complexes have an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand and a chelating carbene ligand associated with a Group 8 transition metal center. The molecular structure of the complexes can be altered so as to provide a substantial latency period. The complexes are particularly useful in catalyzing ring closing metathesis of acyclic olefins and ring opening metathesis polymerization of cyclic olefins.
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Nucleic acid amplification using microfluidic devices (Fri, 07 Oct 2005)
The present invention provides microfluidic devices and methods using the same in various types of thermal cycling reactions. Certaom devices include a rotary microfluidic channel and a plurality of temperature regions at different locations along the rotary microfluidic channel at which temperature is regulated. Solution can be repeatedly passed through the temperature regions such that the solution is exposed to different temperatures. Other microfluidic devices include an array of reaction chambers formed by intersecting vertical and horizontal flow channels, with the ability to regulate temperature at the reaction chambers. The microfluidic devices can be used to conduct a number of different analyses, including various primer extension reactions and nucleic acid amplification reactions.
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Peroxide-driven cytochrome P450 oxygenase variants (Fri, 16 Sep 2005)
The invention relates to novel variants of cytochrome P450 oxygenases. These variants have an improved ability to use peroxide as an oxygen donor as compared to the corresponding wild-type enzyme. These variants also have an improved thermostability as compared to the cytochrome P450 BM-3 F87A mutant. Preferred variants include cytochrome P450 BM-3 heme domain mutants having I58V, F87A, H100R, F107L, A135S, M145A/V, N239H, S274T, L324I, I366V, K434E, E442K, and/or V446I amino acid substitutions.
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Engineered proteins, and methods of making and using (Fri, 09 Sep 2005)
The present invention provides engineered proteins and biomedical products made from the engineered proteins. The biomedical products include lenses useful for ophthalmic purposes.
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Direct, enantioselective aldol coupling of aldehydes using chiral organic catalysts (Fri, 09 Sep 2005)
Nonmetallic, chiral organic catalysts are used to catalyze an enantioselective aldol coupling reaction between aldehyde substrates. The reaction may be carried out with a single enolizable aldehyde, resulting in dimerization to give a β-hydroxy aldehyde, or trimerization to give a dihydroxy tetrahydropyran. The reaction may also conducted with an enolizable aldehyde and a second aldehyde, which may or may not be enolizable, so that the coupling is a cross-aldol reaction in which the α-carbon of the enolizable aldehyde adds to the carbonyl carbon of the second aldehyde in an enantioselective fashion. Reaction systems composed of at least one enolizable aldehyde, an optional additional aldehyde, and the nonmetallic chiral organic catalyst are also provided, as are methods of implementing the enantioselective aldol reaction in the synthesis of sugars.
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Polyoxometallate catalysts and catalytic processes (Fri, 02 Sep 2005)
An active and selective hydrocarbon partial oxidation catalyst comprises an activated partially-reduced polyoxometallate, preferably niobium polyoxomolybdate, that is prepared from a suitable polyoxoanion, which has been exchanged with a suitable cation and activated by heating to an activation effective temperature in the presence of a suitable reducing agent such as pyridinium. C3 and C4 hydrocarbons may be partially oxidized selectively to acrylic acid and maleic acid.
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Telechelic alkadiene polymers with crosslinkable end groups and methods for making the same (Fri, 12 Aug 2005)
The present invention relates to telechelic polymers having crosslinkable end groups of the formula <chemistry id="chem-us-00001-en" num="00001"><img id="emi-c00001-en" he="5.93mm" wi="30.31mm" file="US07022789-20060404-C00001.TIF" alt="embedded image" img-content="chem" img-format="tif"/></chemistry> and methods for preparing the same wherein n is an integer; <chemistry id="chem-us-00002-en" num="00002"><img id="emi-c00002-en" he="4.32mm" wi="17.61mm" file="US07022789-20060404-C00002.TIF" alt="embedded image" img-content="chem" img-format="tif"/></chemistry> is an alkadienyl group; Y is an alkyl group; and Z is crosslinkable end group. In general, the inventive synthesis involves reacting a functionalized chain transfer agent having crosslinkable ends with a cycloalkene in the presence of a ruthenium or osmium catalyst of the formula <chemistry id="chem-us-00003-en" num="00003"><img id="emi-c00003-en" he="13.72mm" wi="14.73mm" file="US07022789-20060404-C00003.TIF" alt="embedded image" img-content="chem" img-format="tif"/></chemistry> wherein: <ul id="ul0001-en" list-style="none"><li><ul id="ul0002-en" list-style="none"><li>M is ruthenium or osmium;</li><li>X and X1 are independently any anionic ligand;</li><li>L and L1 are any neutral electron donor ligand;</li></ul></li><li>R and R1 are each hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted substituent wherein the substituent is selected from the group consisting of C1–C20 alkyl, C2–C20 alkenyl, C2–C20 alkynyl, aryl, C1–C20 carboxylate, C1–C20 alkoxy, C1–C20 alkenyloxy, C2–C20 alkynyloxy, aryloxy, C2–C20 alkoxycarbonyl, C1–C20 alkylthio, C1–C20 alkylsulfonyl and C1–C20 alkylsulfinyl. In another aspect of the invention, methods for controlling the molecular weight of the resulting telechelic polymer are also presented.</li></ul>
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ENGINEERED PROTEINS, AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING (Fri, 12 Aug 2005)
The present invention provides engineered proteins and biomedical products made from the engineered proteins. The biomedical products include lenses useful for ophthalmic purposes.
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Microfabricated elastomeric valve and pump systems (Fri, 05 Aug 2005)
A method of fabricating an elastomeric structure, comprising: forming a first elastomeric layer on top of a first micromachined mold, the first micromachined mold having a first raised protrusion which forms a first recess extending along a bottom surface of the first elastomeric layer; forming a second elastomeric layer on top of a second micromachined mold, the second micromachined mold having a second raised protrusion which forms a second recess extending along a bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer; bonding the bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer onto a top surface of the first elastomeric layer such that a control channel forms in the second recess between the first and second elastomeric layers; and positioning the first elastomeric layer on top of a planar substrate such that a flow channel forms in the first recess between the first elastomeric layer and the planar substrate.
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Synthesis of molecular sieves by hydrothermal treatment with acid (Fri, 05 Aug 2005)
Molecular sieves containing structure directing agents are treated by heating the SDA-containing molecular sieve at a temperature and for a time sufficient to remove the SDA from the molecular sieve, followed by heating the molecular sieve in an aqueous, acidic medium. 
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Assay employing G protein-coupled receptor expressed in dorsal root ganglia (Fri, 29 Jul 2005)
The invention relates generally to novel genes expressed in normal but not Neurogenin-1-deficient animals. The invention relates specifically to a novel family of G protein-coupled receptors and a novel family of two-transmembrane segment proteins that are expressed in dorsal root ganglia, and a method of screening for genes specifically expressed in nociceptive sensory neurons.
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Method and compositions for the detection of protein glycosylation (Fri, 17 Jun 2005)
The invention provides methods and compositions for the rapid and sensitive detection of post-translationally modified proteins, and particularly of those with post-translational glycosylations. The methods can be used to detect O-GlcNAc post-translational modifications on proteins on which such modifications were undetectable using other techniques. In one embodiment, the method exploits the ability of an engineered mutant of β-1,4-galactosyltransferase to selectively transfer an unnatural ketone functionality onto O-GlcNAc glycosylated proteins. Once transferred, the ketone moiety serves as a versatile handle for the attachment of biotin, thereby enabling detection of the modified protein. The approach permits the rapid visualization of proteins that are at the limits of detection using traditional methods. Further, the preferred embodiments can be used for detection of certain disease states, such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes.
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SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PREDICTING TRANSMEMBRANE DOMAINS IN MEMBRANE PROTEINS AND MINING THE GENOME FOR RECOGNIZING G-PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTORS (Fri, 10 Jun 2005)
The invention provides computer-implemented methods and apparatus implementing a protocol using molecular modeling methods to predict the presence of transmembrane regions in proteins, such as G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCR), and protein structural models generated according to the protocol. The protocol features a coarse grain sampling method, such as hydrophobicity analysis, to provide a fast and accurate procedure for predicting transmembrane regions. Methods and apparatus of the invention are useful to screen protein or polynucleotide databases for encoded proteins with transmembrane regions, such as GPCRs.
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Microfabricated elastomeric valve and pump systems (Fri, 27 May 2005)
A method of fabricating an elastomeric structure, comprising: forming a first elastomeric layer on top of a first micromachined mold, the first micromachined mold having a first raised protrusion which forms a first recess extending along a bottom surface of the first elastomeric layer; forming a second elastomeric layer on top of a second micromachined mold, the second micromachined mold having a second raised protrusion which forms a second recess extending along a bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer; bonding the bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer onto a top surface of the first elastomeric layer such that a control channel forms in the second recess between the first and second elastomeric layers; and positioning the first elastomeric layer on top of a planar substrate such that a flow channel forms in the first recess between the first elastomeric layer and the planar substrate.
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High metathesis activity ruthenium and osmium metal carbene complexes (Fri, 27 May 2005)
Ruthenium and osmium carbene compounds that are stable in the presence of a variety of functional groups and can be used to catalyze olefin metathesis reactions on unstrained cyclic and acyclic olefins are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of making the carbene compounds. The carbene compounds are of the formula <chemistry id="chem-us-00001-en" num="00001"> <img id="emi-c00001-en" he="13.29mm" wi="16.43mm" file="US07102047-20060905-C00001.TIF" alt="embedded image" img-content="chem" img-format="tif"/> </chemistry> where M is Os or Ru; R1 is hydrogen; R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted aryl; X and X1 are independently selected from any anionic ligand; and L and L1 are independently selected from any neutral electron donor. The ruthenium and osmium carbene compounds of the present invention may be synthesized using diazo compounds, by neutral electron donor ligand exchange, by cross metathesis, using acetylene, using cumulated olefins, and in a one-pot method using diazo compounds and neutral electron donors. The ruthenium and osmium carbene compounds of the present invention may be used to catalyze olefin metathesis reactions including, but not limited to, ROMP, RCM, depolymerization of unsaturated polymers, synthesis of telechelic polymers, and olefin synthesis. 
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Transverse optical fiber devices for optical sensing (Wed, 20 Apr 2005)
Techniques and devices using a fiber to couple light efficiently and compactly in a direction transverse to the fiber core for optical sensing, optical switching, and optical data storage applications. Devices are described for all-fiber optical switching, multiple-disk high-data-rate optical disk drives with compact optical fiber read/write heads, compact fiber-optic interferometers for position, measurements, and endoscopic probes for medical tissue modification and measurement.
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Cell-specific gene delivery vehicles (Fri, 08 Apr 2005)
A delivery vehicle is described that is capable of being specifically bound to and taken into targeted cells, delivering numerous physiological agents, particularly paramagnetic ions for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cells. The delivery vehicle comprises a polymeric molecule having a net positive charge complexed with another polymeric molecule having a net negative charge. Cell targeting moieties and physiological agents, including contrast agents and therapeutic agents, are attached to one or both of the polymeric molecules. In one embodiment, the polymeric molecule having a net negative charge is a nucleic acid. Thus, the delivery vehicles can be used in clinical protocols in which nucleic acids for gene therapy and agents for MRI contrast are co-transported to specific cells allowing medical imaging monitoring of nucleic acid delivery.
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PHOTOCURABLE PERFLUOROPOLYETHERS FOR USE AS NOVEL MATERIALS IN MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES (Fri, 08 Apr 2005)
A solvent-resistant microfluidio device (MD) is fabricated from a functionalized, photo-curable perfluoropolyether (PFPE). In one embodiment, a polymeric precursor (PP), comprising PFPE, is disposed on a patterned surface (PS) of a substrate (S), having raised protrusions (P). Ultraviolet light (UV) is applied to yield a patterned layer (PL) of photo-cured PFPE having recesses (R) comprising at least one channel (CH). Patterned layer (PL) is removed from patterned surface (PS) of substrate (S) to yield microfluidic device (MD).
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POLYOXOMETALLATE CATALYSTS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS BY CATALYSED PARTIAL OXIDATION OF ALKANES (Thu, 31 Mar 2005)
allate, preferably niobium polyoxomolybdate, that is prepared from a suitable polyoxoanion, which has been exchanged with a J^. suitable cation and activated by heating to an activation effective temperature in the presence of a suitable reducing agent such as pyridim'um. and Q hydrocarbons may be partially oxidized selectively to acrylic acid and maleic acid.
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PROTEASOME PATHWAY INHIBITORS AND RELATED METHODS (Fri, 25 Mar 2005)
The disclosure provides compositions and methods for blocking the proteasome pathway, as well as compounds that block mitotic cell cycle progression. Compounds disclosed include a family of molecules that bind to a multiubiquitin chain attached to a protein and thereby inhibit degradation of that protein by the proteasome pathway. According to another aspect of the disclosure, compounds are provided that inhibit cell cycle progression. Compounds disclosed herein may be formulated for pharmaceutical use and employed in methods for treating cancers or other hyperproliferative disorders.
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SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PREDICTING THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MULTIPASS TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEINS (Fri, 25 Feb 2005)
The invention provides computer-implemented methods and apparatus implementing a hierarchical protocol using multiscale molecular dynamics and molecular modeling methods to predict the structure of transmembrane proteins such as G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCR), and protein structural models generated according to the protocol. The protocol features a combination of coarse grain sampling methods, such as hydrophobicity analysis, followed by coarse grain molecular dynamics and atomic level molecular dynamics, including accurate continuum solvation. Also included are energy optimization to determine the rotation of helices in the (seven-helical) TM bundle, and optimization of the helix translations along their axes and rotational optimization using hydrophobic momentof the helices, to provide a fast and accurate procedure for predicting GPCR tertiary structure.
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THERMOSTABLE PEROXIDE-DRIVEN CYTOCHROME P450 OXYGENASE VARIANTS AND METHODS OF USE (Fri, 25 Feb 2005)
The invention relates to novel variants of cytochrome P450 oxygenases. These variants have at least one mutation improving their ability to use peroxide as an oxygen donor as compared to the corresponding wild-type enzyme. The variants also have at least one mutation improving thermostability as compared to the parent enzyme or corresponding wild-type enzyme. Preferred variants include cytochrome P450 BM-3 heme domain variants having L52I, I58V, F87A, H100R, S106R, F107L, A135S, M145A/V, A184V, N239H, S274T, L324I, V340M, I366V, K434E, E442K, and/or V446I amino acid substitutions.
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In situ forming hydrogels (Wed, 23 Feb 2005)
The invention features materials and methods for the liquid to solid transition of an injectable pre-hydrogel composition to a hydrogel. These methods can be carried out in situ.
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Thermostable peroxide-driven cytochrome P450 oxygenase variants and methods of use (Fri, 18 Feb 2005)
The invention relates to novel variants of cytochrome P450 oxygenases. These variants have at least one mutation improving their ability to use peroxide as an oxygen donor as compared to the corresponding wild-type enzyme. The variants also have at least one mutation improving thermostability as compared to the parent enzyme or corresponding wild-type enzyme. Preferred variants include cytochrome P450 BM-3 heme domain variants having L52I, I58V, F87A, H100R, S106R, F107L, A135S, M145A/V, A184V, N239H, S274T, L324I, V340M, I366V, K434E, E442K, and/or V446I amino acid substitutions.
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Dopants for liquid-crystal devices (Wed, 09 Feb 2005)
High-dielectric colorless or virtually colorless dopants for low-voltage and tunable clearing temperature liquid-crystal devices. These dopant compounds help reduce the operation voltage for both polar and non-polar liquid-crystal (LC) mixtures. Methods for making and using these dopant compounds are also disclosed.
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Alternative heterocycles for DNA recognition (Fri, 04 Feb 2005)
Methods and compositions are provided for forming complexes between dsDNA and novel oligomers comprising fused six-membered rings. By appropriate choice of target sequences and oligomers, complexes comprising oligomer-DNA are obtained with high association constants. The formation of complexes can be used for identification of specific dsDNA sequences, for inhibiting gene transcription, and as a therapeutic for inhibiting proliferation of undesired cells or modulation of expression of specific genes. 
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Two-dimensional magnetic resonance tomographic microscopy (Fri, 26 Nov 2004)
A method, apparatus, and article of manufacture provide the ability to conduct magnetic resonance tomographic microscopy. A two-dimensional non-crystalline sample is placed under the influence of a static polarizing first magnetic field. A radio-frequency field is then introduced perpendicular to the first magnetic field. To conduct the tomography, two or more magnetically resonant spins of the sample are simultaneously obtained by sequentially angularly rotating, around a prescribed axis, the sample with respect to a ferromagnetic sphere having a second magnetic field. The obtained spins are then used to reconstruct an image of the sample using computerized tomography.
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COMPLEX FORMATION BETWEEN dsDNA ANDOLIGOMER OF HETEROCYCLES (Thu, 11 Nov 2004)

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Method for stabilization of proteins using non-natural amino acids (Fri, 29 Oct 2004)
The present invention provides a method for producing modified stable polypeptides introducing at least one non-natural amino acid into the hydrophobic region of the polypeptide. The thermal and chemical stability of such polypeptides is improved compared to those properties of its corresponding wild type proteins. The invention further provides purified leucine zipper and coiled-coil proteins in which the leucine residues have been replaced with 5,5,5-trifluoroleucines, and the modified proteins so produced demonstrate increased thermal and chemical stability compared to their corresponding wild-type natural proteins.
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COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING INCLUSION COMPLEXES (Thu, 28 Oct 2004)
^TJ Abstracr: The invention provides a composition containing particulate composite of a polymer and a therapeutic agent. The composition also contains a complexing agent. The polymer interacts with the co plexing agent in a host-guest or a guest-host interaction to form an inclusion complex. A therapeutic composition of the invention may be used to deliver the therapeutic agent and to treat various disorders. Both the polymer of the particulate composite and the complexing agent may be used to introduce functionality into the therapeutic composition. The invention also relates to a method of preparing a composition. The method combines a therapeutic agent, a polymer having host or guest functionality, and a complexing agent having guest or host functionality to form the therapeutic composition. The complexing agent forms an inclusion complex with the polymer. The invention also relates to a method of delivering a therapeutic agent. According to the method, a therapeutically eflEective amount of a therapeutic composition of the invention is administered to a mammal (e.g. person or animal) in recognized need of the therapeutic.
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Molecular sieve CIT-6 (Fri, 01 Oct 2004)
The present invention relates to new crystalline, molecular sieve CIT-6 that has the topology of zeolite beta. CIT-6 can be in an all-silica form, in a form wherein zinc is in the crystal framework, or a form containing silicon oxide and non-silicon oxides. In a preferred embodiment, CIT-6 has a crystal size of less than one micron and a water adsorption capacity of less than 0.05 g/g. 
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SYNTHESIS OF FUNCTIONALIZED AND UNFUNCTIONALIZED OLEFINS VIA CROSS AND RING-CLOSING METATHESIS (Thu, 30 Sep 2004)
Abstract he invention is directed to the cross-metathesis and ring-closing metathesis reactions between geminal disubstituted olefins and terminal olefins, wherein the reaction employs a Ruthenium or Osmium metal carbene complex. Specifically, the invention relates to the synthesis of a-unctionalized or unfunctionalized olefins via intermolecular cross-metathesis and intramolecular ring-closing metathesis using a ruthenium alkylidene complex. The catalysts preferably used in he invention are of general formula (I) or (II), wherein: M is ruthenium or osmium; X and X1 are each independently an anionic ligand; L is a neutral electron donor ligand; and, R, R1, R6, R7, R8, and R9 are each independently hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting f Ci-C2o alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, C2-C20 alkynyl, aryl, Ci-C20 carboxylate, C C20 alkoxy, C2-C2o lkenyloxy, C2-C20 alkynyloxy, aryloxy, C2-C20 alkoxycarbonyl, d-C20 alkylthio, C C2o lkylsulfonyl and Ci-C20 alkylsulfinyl.
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ALTERNATIVE HETEROCYCLES FOR DNA RECOGNITION (Fri, 17 Sep 2004)
Methods and compositions are provided for forming complexes between dsDNA and novel oligomers comprising fused six-membered rings. By appropriate choice of target sequences and oligomers, complexes comprising oligomer-DNA are obtained with high association constants. The formation of complexes can be used for identification of specific dsDNA sequences, for inhibiting gene transcription, and as a therapeutic for inhibiting proliferation of undesired cells or modulation of expression of specific genes.
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Synthesis of macrocyclic polymers by ring insertion polymerization of cyclic olefin monomers (Fri, 09 Jul 2004)
A method for synthesizing cyclic polymers using transition metal alkylidene complexes as reaction catalysts is provided, wherein the complexes contain a cyclic group. Polymerization is carried out on the catalyst, using cyclic olefin monomers that undergo ring insertion polymerization, and no linear intermediates are generated. Following completion of polymerization, the cyclic polymer detaches from the complex via an intramolecular chain transfer reaction and the catalytic complex is regenerated. The invention also provides novel transition metal alkylidene complexes useful as catalysts in the aforementioned process, as well as novel cyclic hydrocarbons.
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LIF for use in modulating inflammation and pain (Wed, 23 Jun 2004)
A method for inhibiting and/or reducing inflammation and/or pain in an individual is provided, as well as edema and macrophage infiltration associated with inflammation. The method comprises administration of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) to a cell or an individual in an amount effective to inhibit and/or reduce inflammation and/or pain.
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Apparatus and methods for conducting assays and high throughput screening (Fri, 18 Jun 2004)
The present invention provides microfluidic devices and methods for using the same. In particular, microfluidic devices of the present invention are useful in conducting a variety of assays and high throughput screening. Microfluidic devices of the present invention include elastomeric components and comprise a main flow channel; a plurality of branch flow channels; a plurality of control channels; and a plurality of valves. Preferably, each of the valves comprises one of the control channels and an elastomeric segment that is deflectable into or retractable from the main or branch flow channel upon which the valve operates in response to an actuation force applied to the control channel.
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Two-photon or higher-order absorbing optical materials for generation of reactive species (Fri, 11 Jun 2004)
Disclosed are highly efficient multiphoton absorbing compounds and methods of their use. The compounds generally include a bridge of pi-conjugated bonds connecting electron donating groups or electron accepting groups. The bridge may be substituted with a variety of substituents as well. Solubility, lipophilicity, absorption maxima and other characteristics of the compounds may be tailored by changing the electron donating groups or electron accepting groups, the substituents attached to or the length of the pi-conjugated bridge. Numerous photophysical and photochemical methods are enabled by converting these compounds to electronically excited states upon simultaneous absorption of at least two photons of radiation. The compounds have large two-photon or higher-order absorptivities such that upon absorption, one or more Lewis acidic species, Lewis basic species, radical species or ionic species are formed.
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METHOD FOR DETERMINING THREE-DIMENSIONAL PROTEIN STRUCTURE FROM PRIMARY PROTEIN SEQUENCE (Thu, 01 Apr 2004)
A preferred embodiment of the invention is a method for determining a preferred sequence alignment between a query sequence and one or more template sequences comprising the steps of: 1) aligning at least two reference sequences to determine one or more BRIDGE/BULGE gaps; 2) determining an alignment score between each potential alignment of the query sequence and each template sequence based on whether or not a given sequence alignment between the query sequence and each template sequence creates a BRIDGE/BULGE gap and 3) determining a preferred sequence alignment based on the alignment scores of the query sequence with each template sequence.
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Overexpression of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases for efficient production of engineered proteins containing amino acid analogues (Fri, 26 Mar 2004)
Methods for producing modified polypeptides containing amino acid analogues are disclosed, as well as compositions comprising purified dihydrofolate reductase polypeptides, produced by the methods of the invention. In certain aspects, methionine residues of the compositions are replaced with homoallyglycine, homoproparglycine, norvaline, norleucine, cis-crotyiglycine, trans-crotylglycine, 2-aminoheptanoic acid, 2-butynyiglycine and allyglycine.
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Computational method for designing enzymes for incorporation of non natural amino acids into proteins (Fri, 19 Mar 2004)
The instant invention provides methods, reagents, and computational tools for designing non-natural substrate analogs for enzymes, especially for designing unnatural amino acid analogs for aminoacyl tRNA Synthetases (AARSs), such as the Phe tRNA Synthetase. The instant invention also provides methods to incorporate unnatural amino acid analogs, especially those with interesting functional groups, into protein products to generate proteins of modified or novel functions.
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Method of removing structure directing agents from molecular sieves (Fri, 19 Mar 2004)
A structure directing agent is removed from a microporous solid at a temperature below the temperature that would cause the structure directing agent to decompose by cleaving the structure directing agent within the pores of the microporous solid, at a temperature below the temperature that would cause the structure directing agent to decompose, into two or more fragments and removing the fragments from the pores of the microporous solid at a temperature below the temperature that would cause the structure directing agent or its fragments to decompose.
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Apparatus and method for automated protein design (Wed, 17 Mar 2004)
The present invention relates to apparatus and methods for quantitative protein design and optimization.
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Proteolysis targeting chimeric pharmaceutical (Fri, 27 Feb 2004)
The present invention is based on the discovery of a composition that provides targeted ubiquitination. Specifically the composition contains a ubiquitin pathway protein binding moiety which recognizes a ubiquitin pathway protein and a targeting moiety which recognizes a target protein. In addition, the present invention provides libraries of compositions, where each composition contains a ubiquitin pathway protein binding moiety and a member of a molecular library. The libraries of the present invention can be used to identify proteins involved in a predetermined function of cells.
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SYNTHESIS OF MACROCYCLIC POLYMERS BY RING INSERTION POLYMERIZATION OF CYCLIC OLEFIN MONOMERS (Fri, 13 Feb 2004)
A method for synthesizing cyclic polymers using transition metal alkylidene complexes as reaction catalysts is provided, wherein the complexes contain a cyclic group. Polymerization is carried out on the catalyst, using cyclic olefin monomers that undergo ring insertion polymerization, and no linear intermediates are generated. Following completion of polymerization, the cyclic polymer detaches from the complex via an intramolecular chain transfer reaction and the catalytic complex is regenerated. The invention also provides novel transition metal alkylidene complexes useful as catalysts in the aforementioned process, as well as novel cyclic hydrocarbons.
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Direct, enantioselective aldol coupling of aldehydes using chiral organic catalysts (Fri, 06 Feb 2004)
Nonmetallic, chiral organic catalysts are used to catalyze an enantioselective aldol coupling reaction between aldehyde substrates. The reaction may be carried out with a single enolizable aldehyde, resulting in dimerization to give a β-hydroxy aldehyde, or trimerization to give a dihydroxy tetrahydropyran. The reaction may also conducted with an enolizable aldehyde and a second aldehyde, which may or may not be enolizable, so that the coupling is a cross-aldol reaction in which the α-carbon of the enolizable aldehyde adds to the carbonyl carbon of the second aldehyde in an enantioselective fashion. Reaction systems composed of at least one enolizable aldehyde, an optional additional aldehyde, and the nonmetallic chiral organic catalyst are also provided, as are methods of implementing the enantioselective aldol reaction in the synthesis of sugars.
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Method for the synthesis of pyrrole and imidazole carboxamides on a solid support (Wed, 28 Jan 2004)
The present invention describes a novel method for the solid phase synthesis of polyamides containing imidazole and pyrrole carboxamides. The polyamides are prepared on a solid support from aromatic carboxylic acids and aromatic amines with high stepwise coupling yields (>99%), providing milligram quantities of highly pure polyamides. The present invention also describes the synthesis of analogs of the natural products Netropsin and Distamycin A, two antiviral antibiotics. The present invention also describes a novel method for the solid phase synthesis of imidazole and pyrrole carboxamide polyamide-oligonucleotide conjugates. This methodology will greatly increase both the complexity and quantity of minor-groove binding polyamides and minor-groove binding polyamide-oligonucleotide conjugates which can be synthesized and tested.
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PAIN SIGNALING MOLECULES (Fri, 09 Jan 2004)
The invention relates generally to a human MrgD polypeptide, one of a family of recently identified G protein coupled receptors (Figure 6B) that are involved in pain sensation. Particular methods are provided for identifying agonists and antagonist of human MrgD, along with methods of utilizing the agonists and antagonists in modifying the perception of pain.
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Compositions and methods relating to cyclic compounds that undergo nucleotide base pair-specific interactions with double-stranded nucleic acids (Wed, 07 Jan 2004)
The design, synthesis, and use of cyclic compounds, including cyclic polyamides, is described. Such compounds comprise at least two polymer portions, one of which comprises at least three molecular units, and the other comprises at least four molecular units. At least one molecular unit of such a compound is a hydrogen bond donor or acceptor. The polymer portions are covalently linked to form a cycle. These compounds are capable of targeting specific nucleotide sequences in double-stranded nucleic acids, particularly double-stranded DNA. Accordingly, such compounds can be used to modulate, e.g., increase or decrease, the expression of one or more genes in vitro or in vivo.
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IDENTIFICATION OF A RECEPTOR CONTROLLING MIGRATION AND METASTASIS OF SKIN CANCER CELLS (Thu, 01 Jan 2004)
The invention relates generally to genes expressed in skin cancer cells, particularly melanoma tumor cells (Figure 5), and their role in migration and metastasis. Methods for identifying melanoma cells are provided, as are methods of treating melanoma. Methods for identifying compounds that are useful in the treatment of melanoma are also provided.
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Enantioselective 1,4-addition of aromatic nucleophiles to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes using chiral organic catalysts (Fri, 26 Dec 2003)
Nonmetallic, chiral organic catalysts are used to catalyze the 1,4-addition of an aromatic nucleophile to an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde. The aromatic nucleophile may be an N,N-disubstituted aniline compound, or an analog thereof. The reaction is efficient and enantioselective, and proceeds with a variety of substituted and unsubstituted aromatic nucleophiles and aldehydes. The invention also provides a method for the deamination of aromatic N,N-disubstituted amines such as those resulting from the 1,4-addition of an aromatic nucleophile to an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde.
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Cross-metathesis of olefins directly substituted with an electron-withdrawing group using transition metal carbene catalysts (Fri, 26 Dec 2003)
The invention pertains to the use of Group 8 transition metal alkylidene complexes as catalysts for olefin cross-metathesis reactions. In particular, ruthenium and osmium alkylidene complexes substituted with an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand and at least one electron donor ligand in the form of a heterocyclic group are used to catalyze cross-metathesis reactions to provide a olefin products that are directly substituted with an electron-withdrawing group.
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Synthesis of A,B-alternating copolymers by olefin metathesis reactions of cyclic olefins or olefinic polymers with an acyclic diene (Fri, 26 Dec 2003)
This invention relates generally to synthetic procedures that include the step of ring-opening metathesis of cyclic olefins and reaction with an acyclic diene co-reactant to produce regularly repeating A,B-alternating olefin polymers. The A,B-alternating polymers are produced by varying reaction conditions and/or reactant proportions and using only two types of olefin metathesis (ring-opening and cross) to provide regularly repeating ABAB . . . etc. polymers via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). More particularly, the invention pertains to synthesis of A,B-alternating olefin polymers via olefin metathesis reactions using a Group 8 transition metal complex as the metathesis catalyst. Polymers provided herein have utility in a variety of fields, including not only polymer chemistry per se, but also in the pharmaceutical, biomedical, and packaging industries where the structure and properties of polymers need to be tightly controlled.
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Ring-expansion of cyclic olefins metathesis reactions with an acyclic diene (Fri, 26 Dec 2003)
This invention relates generally to synthetic procedures that include the step of ring-opening metathesis of cyclic olefins and reaction with an acyclic diene co-reactant to produce olefin macrocycles by ring expansion, or alternatively. The ring expansion of the cyclic olefin is provided by three types of sequential olefin metathesis (ring-opening, cross, and ring-closing olefin metathesis). More particularly, the invention pertains to synthesis of olefin macrocycles via olefin metathesis reactions using a Group 8 transition metal complex as the metathesis catalyst. Macrocycles provided herein have a variety of uses in the pharmaceutical, biomedical, organic synthesis and chemical industries, such as the production of crown ethers that are useful as metal complexing species.
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Glucose 6-oxidases (Fri, 12 Dec 2003)
Glucose oxidase enzymes are provided, including novel variants of galactose oxidase enzymes. The polynucleotides that encode these novel variants can be expressed in recombinant host cell expression systems. The novel variant oxidase enzymes are capable of oxidizing compounds towards which wild-type galactose oxidase (e.g. D-galactose: oxygen 6-oxidoreductase, GAO; EC 1.1.3.9) has little or no activity. Preferred galactose oxidase variants are those which that have improved capability to oxidize secondary alcohols and/or D-glucose relative to the wild-type enzyme.
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Inhibition of gene transcription by polyamide DNA-binding ligands (Wed, 10 Dec 2003)
The invention provides polyamides suitable for modulating cellular or viral gene expression by binding to an identified target DNA sequence adjacent to the binding site of a minor groove transcription factor protein. The polyamides of the present invention are useful for the treatment of a human infected with a virus such as HIV-1. The polyamides of the present invention are also useful for the treatment of conditions, such as cancers, that result from the expression or over-expression of cellular genes, particularly oncogenes.
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Enantioselective transformation of α,β-unsaturated ketones using chiral organic catalysts (Fri, 28 Nov 2003)
Nonmetallic organic catalysts are provided that facilitate the enantioselective reaction of α,β-unsaturated ketones. The catalysts are chiral imidazolidinone compounds having the structure of formula (IIA) or (IIB) <chemistry id="chem-us-00001-en" num="00001"> <img id="emi-c00001" he="54.27mm" wi="69.85mm" file="US07592463-20090922-C00001.TIF" alt="embedded image" img-content="chem" img-format="tif"/> </chemistry> or are acid addition salts thereof, wherein, in one preferred embodiment, R1 is C1-C6 alkyl, R2 is phenyl or 2-methylfuryl, R3 and R4 are hydrogen, and R5 is phenyl optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxyl, and C1-C6 alkyl. The chiral imidazolidinones are useful in catalyzing a wide variety of reactions, including cycloaddition reactions, Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions, and Michael additions. 
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Directed protein docking algorithm (Fri, 21 Nov 2003)
The instant invention provides methods and computational tools for designing interaction between molecules based on their three-dimensional atomic coordinates. In a preferred embodiment, the method can be used to design protein-protein interactions based on their three-dimensional structure. In one embodiment, the method of the instant invention includes a first step of docking interacting molecules based on their surface geometric fit by quantitative correlation techniques, followed by a second step of optimizing the resulting interacting surface by altering interface side-chains, such that the interfacial side-chains are repacked in a manner analogous to the cores of well-folded proteins. The method can be used in numerous applications, including redesigning interaction interfaces between known protein-protein, protein-polynucleotide, protein-carbohydrates (such as polysaccharide), protein-lipid (or steroid), enzyme-inhibitor, or antibody-target epitope pairs, or rational design of more potent drug molecules. 
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COMPUTATIONALLY TARGETED EVOLUTIONARY DESIGN (Fri, 07 Nov 2003)
The invention relates to improved methods for directed evolution of polymers, including directed evolution of nucleic acids and proteins. Specifically, the methods of the invention include analytical methods for identifying 'structurally tolerant' residues of a polymer. Mutations of these, structurally tolerant residues are less likely to adversely affect desirable properties of a polymer sequence. The invention further provides improved methods for directed evolution wherein the structurally tolerant residues of a polymer are selectively mutated. Computer systems for implementing analytical methods of the invention are also provided.
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DIRECT, ENANTIOSELECTIVE ALDOL COUPLING OF ALDEHYDES USING CHIRAL ORGANIC CATALYSTS (Fri, 31 Oct 2003)
Nonmetallic, chiral organic catalysts are used to catalyze an enantioselective aldol coupling reaction between aldehyde substrates. The reaction may be carried out with a single enolizable aldehyde, resulting in dimerization to give a β-hydroxy aldehyde, or trimerization to give a dihydroxy tetrahydropyran. The reaction may also conducted with an enolizable aldehyde and a second aldehyde, which may or may not be enolizable, so that the coupling is a cross-aldol reaction in which the a-carbon of the enolizable aldehyde adds to the carbonyl carbon of the second aldehyde in an enantioselective fashion. Reaction systems composed of at least one enolizable aldehyde, an optional additional aldehyde, and the nonmetallic chiral organic catalyst are also provided, as are methods of implementing the enantioselective aldol reaction in the synthesis of sugars.
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APPLICATION OF WAVEFRONT SENSOR TO LENSES CAPABLE OF POST-FABRICATION POWER MODIFICATION (Thu, 30 Oct 2003)

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SYSTEM AND METHOD OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (Fri, 24 Oct 2003)
A method of imaging a sample (16). A magnetic particle (12) is positioned near a sample (16) to be imaged. A strong direct current (DC) magnetic field (B0) is applied in a non-perpendicular direction relative to the sample (16), and a relatively weaker radio frequency (RF) magnetic field (B1) is applied. A plurality of polarized magnetic spins (20) of the sample (16) is produced in a region near the magnetic particle (12), and resonance of the plurality of magnetic spins (20) is detected. The detected plurality of magnetic spins (20) can be used to provide an image of the sample (16).
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DIRECTED PROTEIN DOCKING ALGORITHM (Fri, 24 Oct 2003)
The instant invention provides methods and computational tools for designing interaction between molecules based on their three-dimensional atomic coordinates. In a preferred embodiment, the method can be used to design protein-protein interactions based on their three-dimensional structure. In one embodiment, the method of the instant invention includes a first step of docking interacting molecules based on their surface geometric fit by quantitative correlation techniques, followed by a second step of optimizing the resulting interacting surface by altering interface side-chains, such that the interfacial side-chains are repacked in a manner analogous to the cores of well-folded proteins. The method can be used in numerous applications, including redesigning interaction interfaces between known protein-protein, protein-polynucleotide, protein-carbohydrates (such as polysaccharide), protein-lipid (or steroid), enzyme-inhibitor, or antibody-target epitope pairs, or rational design of more potent drug molecules.
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THE COP PROTEIN DESIGN TOOL (Fri, 24 Oct 2003)
The instant invention provides methods and implementing computer software for designing mutant proteins (or 'Target Protein or TP') that will preferentially bind one list of prespecified ligands (Active Ligands or AL) with respect to another list of ligands (The Inactive Ligands or IL).
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CROSS-METATHESIS OF OLEFINS DIRECTLY SUBSTITUTED WITH AN ELECTRON-WITHDRAWING GROUP USING TRANSITION METAL CARBENE CATALYSTS (Fri, 24 Oct 2003)
The invention pertains to the use of Group 8 transition metal alkylidene complexes as catalysts for olefin cross-metathesis reactions. In particular, ruthenium and osmium alkylidene complexes substituted with an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand and at least one electron donor ligand in the form of a heterocyclic group are used to catalyze cross-metathesis reactions to provide a olefin products that are directly substituted with an electron-withdrawing group.
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Complex formation between DSDNA and oligomer of cyclic heterocycles (Wed, 22 Oct 2003)
Methods and compositions are provided for forming complexes between dsDNA and oligomers of heterocycles, aliphatic amino acids, particularly omega-amino acids, and a polar end group. By appropriate choice of target sequences and composition of the oligomers, complexes are obtained with low dissociation constants. The formation of complexes can be used for identification of specific dsDNA sequences, for inhibiting gene transcription, and as a therapeutic for inhibiting proliferation of undesired cells or expression of undesired genes.
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System and method of magnetic resonance imaging (Fri, 17 Oct 2003)
A method of imaging a sample. A magnetic particle is positioned near a sample to be imaged. A strong direct current (DC) magnetic field is applied in a non-perpendicular direction relative to the sample, and a relatively weaker radio frequency (RF) magnetic field is applied. A plurality of polarized magnetic spins of the sample is produced in a region near the magnetic particle, and resonance of the plurality of magnetic spins is detected. The detected plurality of magnetic spins can be used to provide an image of the sample.
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Methods and compositions to prevent formation of adhesions in biological tissues (Fri, 03 Oct 2003)
The invention discloses materials that adsorb readily to the surfaces of body tissues in situ and provide a steric barrier between such tissues, so that tissue adhesions, which typically form following surgical procedures, are minimized. These materials contain a polymer of hydrophilic molecules such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) bound to a polymer that spontaneously adsorbs to biological tissue such as phenylboronic acid (PBA). The PEG-PBA co-polymer can be formed in a variety of geometries. The materials can also be used to coat prosthetics and other implants.
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High metathesis activity ruthenium and osmium metal carbene complexes (Fri, 26 Sep 2003)
Ruthenium and osmium carbene compounds that are stable in the presence of a variety of functional groups and can be used to catalyze olefin metathesis reactions on unstrained cyclic and acyclic olefins are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of making the carbene compounds. The carbene compounds are of the formula<chemistry id="chem-us-00001-en"><img he="N/A" wi="N/A" img-format="tif" id="emi-c00001-en" file="US06806325-20041019-C00001.TIF" img-content="chem" alt="embedded image"/></chemistry> where M is Os or Ru; R1is hydrogen; R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted aryl; X and X1are independently selected from any anionic ligand; and L and L1are independently selected from any neutral electron donor. The ruthenium and osmium carbene compounds of the present invention may be synthesized using diazo compounds, by neutral electron donor ligand exchange, by cross metathesis, using acetylene, using cumulated olefins, and in a one-pot method using diazo compounds and neutral electron donors. The ruthenium and osmium carbene compounds of the present invention may be used to catalyze olefin metathesis reactions including, but not limited to, ROMP, RCM, depolymerization of unsaturated polymers, synthesis of telechelic polymers, and olefin synthesis.
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Lenses capable of post-fabrication power modification (Fri, 19 Sep 2003)
The present invention relates to lenses that are capable of post-fabrication power modifications. In general, the inventive lenses comprise (i) a first polymer matrix and (ii) a refraction modulating composition that is capable of stimulus-induced polymerization dispersed therein. When at least a portion of the lens is exposed to an appropriate stimulus, the refraction modulating composition forms a second polymer matrix. The amount and location of the second polymer matrix may modify a lens characteristic such as lens power by changing its refractive index and/or by altering its shape. The inventive lenses have a number of applications in the electronics and medical fields as data storage means and as medical lenses, particularly intraocular lenses, respectively.
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Nucleic acid mediated electron transfer (Fri, 12 Sep 2003)
The present invention provides for the selective covalent modification of nucleic acids with redox active moieties such as transition metal complexes. Electron donor and electron acceptor moieties are covalently bound to the ribose-phosphate backbone of a nucleic acid at predetermined positions. The resulting complexes represent a series of new derivatives that are bimolecular templates capable of transferring electrons over very large distances at extremely fast rates. These complexes possess unique structural features which enable the use of an entirely new class of bioconductors and photoactive probes.
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COMPUTATIONAL METHOD FOR DESIGNING ENZYMES FOR INCORPORATION OF AMINO ACID ANALOGS INTO PROTEINS (Fri, 05 Sep 2003)
The instant invention provides methods, reagents, and computational tools for designing non-natural substrate analogs for enzymes, especially for designing unnatural amino acid analogs for aminoacyl tRNA Synthetases (AARSs), such as the Phe tRNA Synthetase. The instant invention also provides methods to incorporate unnatural amino acid analogs, especially those with interesting functional groups, into protein products to generate proteins of modified or novel functions.
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NOVEL GLUCOSE 6-OXIDASES (Fri, 05 Sep 2003)
Glucose oxidase enzymes are provided, including novel variants of galactose oxidase enzymes. The polynucleotides that encode these novel variants can be expressed in recombinant host cell expression systems. The novel variant oxidase enzymes are capable of oxidizing compounds towards which wild-type galactose oxidase (e.g. D-galactose:oxygen 6-oxidoreductase, GAO; EC 1.1.3.9) has little or no activity. Preferred galactose oxidase variants are those which that have improved capability to oxidize secondary alcohols and/or D-glucose relative to the wild-type enzyme.
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RING EXPANSION OF CYCLIC-OLEFINS BY OLEFIN METATHESIS REACTIONS WITH AN ACYCLIC DIENE (Fri, 29 Aug 2003)
This invention relates generally to synthetic procedures that include the step of ringopening metathesis of cyclic olefins and reaction with an acyclic diene co-reactant to produce olefin macrocycles by ring expansion, or alternatively, to produce regularly repeating A,B-alternating olefin polymers. The ring expansion of the cyclic olefin is provided by three types of sequential olefin metathesis (ring-opening, cross, and ring-closing olefin metathesis), and the A,B-alternating polymers are produced by simply varying the reaction conditions and/or reactant proportions and using only two types of olefin metathesis (ring-opening and cross) to provide regularly repeating ABAB...etc. polymers via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). More particularly, the invention pertains to synthesis of olefin macrocycles and A,B-alternating olefin polymers via olefin metathesis reactions using a Group 8 transition metal complex as the metathesis catalyst. Macrocycles provided herein have a variety of uses in the pharmaceutical, biomedical, organic synthesis and chemical industries, such as the production of crown ethers that are useful as metal complexing species. Also, the polymers provided herein have utility in a variety of fields, including not only polymer chemistry per se, but also in the pharmaceutical, biomedical, and packaging industries where the structure and properties of polymers need to be tightly controlled.
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Method and apparatus for nanomagnetic manipulation and sensing (Fri, 22 Aug 2003)
The invention combines (A) capabilities in fabrication, characterization, and manipulation of single domain magnetic nanostructures, with (B) the use of binding chemistry of biological molecules to modify the magnetic nanostructures into magnetic sensors and magnetically controllable nanoprobes. A biological characterization scheme is realized by combining nanomanipulation and observation of small magnetic structures in fluids. By coating nanomagnets with biological molecules, ultra-small, highly sensitive and robust biomagnetic devices are defined, and molecular electronics and spin electronics are combined. When these nano-sensors are integrated into microfluidic channels, highly efficient single-molecule detection chips for rapid diagnosis and analysis of biological agents are constructed.
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METHOD FOR THE GENERATION OF PROTEINS WITH NEW ENZYMATIC FUNCTION (Fri, 22 Aug 2003)
The invention relates to the use of a variety of computational methods for generating enzyme-like protein catalysts. Specifically, computational methods are used to insert active site domains, including catalytic domains and binding domains, into a protein scaffold and optimize surrounding amino acids for interaction with the active site domain.
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Two-photon or higher-order absorbing optical materials for generation of reactive species (Wed, 20 Aug 2003)
Disclosed are highly efficient multiphoton absorbing compounds and methods of their use. The compounds generally include a bridge of pi-conjugated bonds connecting electron donating groups or electron accepting groups. The bridge may be substituted with a variety of substituents as well. Solubility, lipophilicity, absorption maxima and other characteristics of the compounds may be tailored by changing the electron donating groups or electron accepting groups, the substituents attached to or the length of the pi-conjugated bridge. Numerous photophysical and photochemical methods are enabled by converting these compounds to electronically excited states upon simultaneous absorption of at least two photons of radiation. The compounds have large two-photon or higher-order absorptivities such that upon absorption, one or more Lewis acidic species, Lewis basic species, radical species or ionic species are formed.
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Lenses capable of post-fabrication modulus change (Fri, 15 Aug 2003)
Novel optical elements are provided which are capable of post fabrication modifications. Specifically, the invention includes lenses, such as intraocular lens, which can undergo changes in storage modulus after fabrication.
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Polyacrylate-based light adjustable optical element (Fri, 15 Aug 2003)
The invention relates to novel, light adjustable optical elements. The optical elements contain an acrylate-based modifying composition which is capable of stimulus-induced polymerization. Novel telechelic acrylate polymers are also disclosed. 
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Polyoxometallate catalysts and catalytic processes (Fri, 01 Aug 2003)
An active and selective hydrocarbon partial oxidation catalyst comprises an activated partially-reduced polyoxometallate, preferably niobium polyoxomolybdate, that is prepared from a suitable polyoxoanion, which has been exchanged with a suitable cation and activated by heating to an activation effective temperature in the presence of a suitable reducing agent such as pyridinium. C3 and C4 hydrocarbons may be partially oxidized selectively to acrylic acid and maleic acid.
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METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR NANOMAGNETIC MANIPULATION AND SENSING (Fri, 01 Aug 2003)
The invention combines (A) capabilities in fabrication, characterization, and manipulation of single domain magnetic nanostructures, with (B) the use of binding chemistry of biological molecules to modify the magnetic nanostructures into magnetic sensors (40) and magnetically controllable nanoprobes (70). A biological characterization scheme is realized by combining nanomanipulation and observation of small magnetic structures in fluids. By coating nanomagnets with biological molecules, ultra-small, highly sensitive and robust biomagnetic devices are defined, and molecular electronics and spin electronics are combined. When these nano-sensors are integrated into microfluidic channels, highly efficient single-molecule detection chips for rapid diagnosis and analysis of biological agents are constructed.
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Catalyst system for the polymerization of alkenes to polyolefins (Fri, 25 Jul 2003)
The invention provides metallocene catalyst systems for the controlled polymerization of alkenes to a wide variety of polyolefins and olefin coplymers. Catalyst systems are provided that specifically produce isotactic, syndiotactic and steroblock polyolefins. The type of polymer produced can be controlled by varying the catalyst system, specifically by varying the ligand substituents. Such catalyst systems are particularly useful for the polymerization of polypropylene to give elastomeric polypropylenes. The invention also provides novel elastomeric polypropylene polymers characterized by dyad (m) tacticities of about 55% to about 65%, pentad (mmmm) tacticities of about 25% to about 35%, molecular weights (MW) in the range of about 50,000 to about 2,000,000, and have mmrm+rrmr peak is less than about 5%.
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POLYACRYLATE BASED LIGHT ADJUSTABLE OPTICAL ELEMENT (Fri, 25 Jul 2003)
The invention relates to novel, light adjustable optical elements. The optical elements contain an acrylate-based modifying composition which is capable of stimulus-induced polymerization. Novel telechelic acrylate polymers are also disclosed.
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Methods and compositions to prevent formation of adhesions in biological tissues (Wed, 23 Jul 2003)
The invention discloses materials that adsorb readily to the surfaces of body tissues in situ and provide a steric barrier between such tissues, so that tissue adhesions, which typically form following surgical procedures, are minimized. These materials contain a polymer of hydrophilic molecules such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) bound to a polymer that spontaneously adsorbs to biological tissue such as phenylboronic acid (PBA). The PEG-PBA co-polymer can be formed in a variety of geometries. The materials can also be used to coat prosthetics and other implants.
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Molecular sieve CIT-6 (Fri, 11 Jul 2003)
The present invention relates to new crystalline, molecular sieve CIT-6 that has the topology of zeolite beta. CIT-6 can be in an all-silica form, in a form wherein zinc is in the crystal framework, or a form containing silicon oxide and non-silicon oxides. In a preferred embodiment, CIT-6 has a crystal size of less than one micron and a water adsorption capacity of less than 0.05 g/g.
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GENE RECOMBINATION AND HYBRID PROTEIN DEVELOPMENT (Fri, 11 Jul 2003)
The invention relates to improved methods for directed evolution of polymers, including directed evolution of nucleic acids and proteins. Specifically, the methods of the invention include analytical methods for identifying 'crossover locations' in a polymer. Crossovers at these locations are less likely to disrupt desirable properties of the protein, such as stability or functionality. The invention further provides improved methods for directed evolution wherein the polymer is selectively recombined at the identified 'crossover locations'. Crossover disruption profiles can be used to identify preferred crossover locations. Structural domains of a biopolymer can also be identified and analyzed, and domains can be organized into schema. Schema disruption profiles can be calculated, for example based on conformational energy or interatomic distances, and these can be used to identify preferred or candidate crossover locations. Computer systems for implementing analytical methods of the invention are also provided.
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Enantioselective transformation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes using chiral organic catalysts (Fri, 13 Jun 2003)
Nonmetallic organic catalysts are provided that facilitate the enantioselective reaction of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. The catalysts are chiral imidazolidinone compounds having the structure of formula (IIA) or (IIB)<chemistry id="chem-us-00001-en"><img he="N/A" wi="N/A" img-format="tif" id="emi-c00001-en" file="US06784323-20040831-C00001.TIF" img-content="chem" alt="embedded image"/></chemistry> or are acid addition salts thereof, wherein, in one preferred embodiment, R1is C1-C6alkyl, R2is tri(C1-C6alkyl)-substituted methyl, R3and R4are hydrogen, and R5is phenyl optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxyl, and C1-C6alkyl. The chiral imidazolidinones are useful in catalyzing a wide variety of reactions, including cycloaddition reactions, Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions, and Michael additions.
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ENANTIOSELECTIVE TRANSFORMATION OF α,β-UNSATURATED KETONES USING CHIRAL ORGANIC CATALYSTS (Fri, 13 Jun 2003)
Nonmetallic organic catalysts are provided that facilitate the enantioselective reaction of α,β-unsaturated ketones. The catalysts are chiral imidazolidinone compounds having the structure of formula (IIA): or (IIB): or are acid addition salts thereof, wherein, in one preferred embodiment, R1 is C1-C6 alkyl, R2 is phenyl or 2-methylfuryl, R3 and R4 are hydrogen, and R5 is phenyl optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxyl, and C1-C6 alkyl. The chiral imidazolinones are useful in catalyzing a wide variety of reactions, including cycloaddition reactions, Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions, and Michael additions.
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Transition metal oxo, sulfido and amido complexes as catalysts of nucleophilic addition reactions (Fri, 06 Jun 2003)
Methods are provided for carrying out nucleophilic addition reactions using oxo, sulfido or amido complexes of transition metals as reaction catalysts. Exemplary catalysts are oxo complexes of Group 7 transition metals, with rhenium (V) oxo complexes, including dioxo complexes, preferred. Nucleophilic addition reactions that can be catalyzed using the present methods include silylation, hydrosilylation, hydroamination, silylmetalation, carbometalation, aldol reactions, hydro- and carbometalation initiated cyclization/polymerization, and epoxide/aziridine opening. The invention also pertains to novel transition metal complexes that have utility in catalyzing such reactions.
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Cytochrome P450 oxygenases (Fri, 30 May 2003)
Nucleic acids encoding cytochrome P450 variants are provided. The cytochrome P450 variants of have a higher alkane-oxidation capability, alkene-oxidation capability, and/or a higher organic-solvent resistance than the corresponding wild-type or parent cytochrome P450 enzyme. A preferred wild-type cytochrome P450 is cytochrome P450 BM-3. Preferred cytochrome P450 variants include those having an improved capability to hydroxylate alkanes and epoxidate alkenes comprising less than 8 carbons, and have amino acid substitutions corresponding to V78A, H236Q, and E252G of cytochrome P450 BM-3. Preferred cytochrome P450 variants also include those having an improved hydroxylation activity in solutions comprising co-solvents such as DMSO and THF, and have amino acid substitutions corresponding to T235A, R471A, E494K, and S1024E of cytochrome P450 BM-3.
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One-pot synthesis of group 8 transition metal carbene complexes useful as olefin metathesis catalysts (Fri, 30 May 2003)
The invention provides a novel method for synthesizing transition metal carbene complexes useful as olefin metathesis catalysts. The method is a convenient one-pot synthesis in which transition metal carbenes are prepared in high yield from readily available starting materials via a dihydrogen complex containing two different anionic ligands, preferably a phosphine and a heteroatom-stabilized carbene. The invention additionally provides a method for synthesizing precursors to carbene ligands useful, inter alia, in the aforementioned one-pot synthesis. The precursors are in the form of trichloromethyl adducts of the formula L1-CCl3, where L1is a heteroatom-stabilized carbene ligand, and are prepared by contacting an unsaturated, ionized analog of L-CCl3with a non-nucleophilic base in the presence of chloroform.
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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization of bridged bicyclic and polycyclic olefins containing two or more heteroatoms (Fri, 30 May 2003)
A method is provided for synthesizing a polymer in a controlled fashion using a ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) reaction, wherein polymerization is carried out using a catalytically effective amount of an olefin metathesis catalyst and a bridged bicyclic or polycyclic olefin monomer that contains at least two heteroatoms directly or indirectly linked to each other. Preferred catalysts are Group 8 transition metal complexes, particularly complexes of Ru and Os. Such complexes include the ruthenium bisphosphine complex (PCy3)2(Cl)2Ru═CHPh (1) and the ruthenium carbene complex (IMesH2)(PCy3)(Cl)2Ru═CHPh (2). The invention also provides novel regioregular polymers synthesized using the aforementioned methodology, wherein the polymers may be saturated, unsaturated, protected, and/or telechelic. An exemplary polymer is poly((vinyl alcohol)2-alt-methylene)(MVOH).
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Lenses capable of post-fabrication power modification (Fri, 16 May 2003)
The present invention relates to lenses that are capable of post-fabrication power modifications. In general, the inventive lenses comprise (i) a first polymer matrix and (ii) a refraction modulating composition that is capable of stimulus-induced polymerization dispersed therein. When at least a portion of the lens is exposed to an appropriate stimulus, the refraction modulating composition forms a second polymer matrix. The amount and location of the second polymer matrix may modify a lens characteristic such as lens power by changing its refractive index and/or by altering its shape. The inventive lenses have a number of applications in the electronics and medical fields as data storage means and as medical lenses, particularly intraocular lenses, respectively.
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